A metal core for hot-forming a titanium-based alloy metal component is disclosed. The metal core has on an outer surface, intended to come into contact with the metal component, a layer of metal carbonitride-enriched material. The metal core comprises a nickel- or cobalt-based alloy. The metal core comprising a steel coating having an outer surface intended to come into contact with the metal component, the steel coating having a layer of metal carbonitride-enriched material. Processes for manufacturing and regenerating the metal core and a process for hot-forming a metal component using the metal core are also disclosed.

A valve is provided, in particular an injection valve, having a valve seat and a valve needle which extends along a closing direction for the most part, the valve seat having a valve-seat surface, and a valve-closing element is mounted on an end of the valve needle facing the valve seat, the valve-closing element being able to be moved between an open position and a closed position, and the valve-closing element together with the valve-seat surface forming a sealing seat in the closed position, the valve-closing element having a greater core hardness and/or surface hardness than the valve-seat surface.

A workpiece made from a self-passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating a non-polymeric N/C/H compound.

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Provided is a method for increasing magnetic induction intensity of soft magnetic metallic materials. The method includes carburizing or carbonitriding the soft magnetic metallic materials with carbon source or a carbonitriding agent by a heat treatment process, to increase the magnetic induction intensity of the soft magnetic metallic materials, wherein the soft magnetic metallic materials are amorphous materials, nanocrystals, silicon steel, or pure iron.

The present invention describes a process for coating conductive component in a plasma reactor and a conductive component coating, wherein the process comprises the steps of cleaning, mechanical support deposition, topographic modification by plasma bombardment, chemical support layer deposition and amorphous carbon layer deposition (Diamond-Like Carbon). In one embodiment, the process is in single cycle. The present invention pertains to the fields of Materials Engineering, Physics and Chemistry.

The present invention describes a process for coating conductive component in a plasma reactor and a conductive component coating, wherein the process comprises the steps of cleaning, mechanical support deposition, topographic modification by plasma bombardment, chemical support layer deposition and amorphous carbon layer deposition (Diamond-Like Carbon). In one embodiment, the process is in single cycle. The present invention pertains to the fields of Materials Engineering, Physics and Chemistry.

Based on the nitriding potential in the processing furnace calculated by the in-furnace nitriding potential calculator and the target nitriding potential, the introduction amount of the ammonia gas is changed while the introduction amount of the ammonia decomposition gas is kept constant, such that the nitriding potential in the processing furnace is brought close to the target nitriding potential.

A method for treating a workpiece made of self-passivating metal and having a Beilby layer including applying a coating to a surface of the workpiece, the coating including a reagent, treating the coating to thermally alter the reagent, wherein the thermal altering of the reagent activates and/or hardens the surface.