A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

A method for treating a workpiece made of self-passivating metal and having a Beilby layer including applying a coating to a surface of the workpiece, the coating including a reagent, treating the coating to thermally alter the reagent, wherein the thermal altering of the reagent activates and/or hardens the surface.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom substrate disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom substrate disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom substrate disk. A heatable top substrate disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top substrate disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom substrate disk. While the heatable top substrate disk applies the mechanical pressure a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value. The first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be independently tuned to any value in the working range.

In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom substrate disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom substrate disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom substrate disk. A heatable top substrate disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top substrate disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom substrate disk. While the heatable top substrate disk applies the mechanical pressure a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value. The first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be independently tuned to any value in the working range.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a coating film having high heat resistance, high hardness and wear resistance, a coating film having high heat-resistance, high hardness and wear resistance produced using the method, and a cutting tool including the same. The method includes forming a metal nitride layer on a metal base; forming a carbon layer on the metal nitride layer; and irradiating a laser into the carbon layer to add carbons into a portion of the metal nitride layer, thereby to form a carburized layer.

A food product contact member that makes contact with a food product. The food product contact member is configured from a metal or a substance containing a metal. The food product contact member includes a contact surface making contact with the food product and having a micronized structure. Plural smooth circular arc shaped depressions without pointed protrusions are formed over an entirety of the contact surface. Titanium oxide is diffused and penetrated at a proximity to a surface of the contact surface contacting the food product.

A food product contact member that makes contact with a food product. The food product contact member is configured from a metal or a substance containing a metal. The food product contact member includes a contact surface making contact with the food product and having a micronized structure. Plural smooth circular arc shaped depressions without pointed protrusions are formed over an entirety of the contact surface. Titanium oxide is diffused and penetrated at a proximity to a surface of the contact surface contacting the food product.

Provided is a method for increasing magnetic induction intensity of soft magnetic metallic materials. The method includes carburizing or carbonitriding the soft magnetic metallic materials with carbon source or a carbonitriding agent by a heat treatment process, to increase the magnetic induction intensity of the soft magnetic metallic materials, wherein the soft magnetic metallic materials are amorphous materials, nanocrystals, silicon steel, or pure iron.