Provided is a method for increasing magnetic induction intensity of soft magnetic metallic materials. The method includes carburizing or carbonitriding the soft magnetic metallic materials with carbon source or a carbonitriding agent by a heat treatment process, to increase the magnetic induction intensity of the soft magnetic metallic materials, wherein the soft magnetic metallic materials are amorphous materials, nanocrystals, silicon steel, or pure iron.

A scalable diffusion-couple apparatus including: a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber which is configured to receive the wafer, the process chamber including: a heatable bottom disk including a first heating mechanism, where the heatable bottom disk is fixed, heatable to a specified temperature, and the wafer placed; and a heatable top disk including a second heating mechanism, where the heatable top disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer, and where the heatable top disk applies the pressure while a chamber pressure is maintained at a less than or equal to 10.sup.?3 torr, where the first and second heating mechanisms are tuned independently, and where the wafer includes a diffusion material prior to application of the mechanical pressure and the specified temperature.

A scalable diffusion-couple apparatus including: a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber which is configured to receive the wafer, the process chamber including: a heatable bottom disk including a first heating mechanism, where the heatable bottom disk is fixed, heatable to a specified temperature, and the wafer placed; and a heatable top disk including a second heating mechanism, where the heatable top disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer, and where the heatable top disk applies the pressure while a chamber pressure is maintained at a less than or equal to 10.sup.?3 torr, where the first and second heating mechanisms are tuned independently, and where the wafer includes a diffusion material prior to application of the mechanical pressure and the specified temperature.

A method of manufacturing a roller cone for a drill bit includes: selectively carburizing a land of the roller cone between a plurality of spots on the land for protection against erosion; after carburization, forming sockets in the roller cone at the spots; and mounting cermet inserts in the sockets.

A method of manufacturing a roller cone for a drill bit includes: selectively carburizing a land of the roller cone between a plurality of spots on the land for protection against erosion; after carburization, forming sockets in the roller cone at the spots; and mounting cermet inserts in the sockets.

A cutting tool has a substrate of cemented carbide including WC and a binder phase. The cutting tool has a gradient surface zone with a thickness of between 50-400 m having a binder phase gradient with the lowest binder phase content in the outermost part of the gradient surface zone and wherein the cutting tool also includes free graphite. The present disclosure also relates to a method of making a cutting tool according to the above. The cemented carbide body shows improved resistance towards chemical wear when used for machining non-ferrous alloys such as Ti-alloys and Ni-based alloys.

Provided are an electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material having properties which can withstand long term use; and a method for manufacturing the electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material. The electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material includes: an aluminum material (1); a first electrically conductive layer (2); an interposing layer (3); and a second electrically conductive layer (4). The first electrically conductive layer (2) is formed on a surface of the aluminum material (1) and includes an organic substance having electrical conductivity. The interposing layer (3) is formed between the aluminum material (1) and the first electrically conductive layer (2) and includes a carbide of aluminum. The second electrically conductive layer (4) is formed on a surface of the first electrically conductive layer (2) and includes carbon-containing particles (41). A resin is attached onto the surface of the aluminum material (1) and is dried, a carbon-containing substance is attached thereonto, and thereafter, the aluminum material (1) is placed in a space including a hydrocarbon-containing substance and is heated, thereby forming the first electrically conductive layer (2), the interposing layer (3), and the second electrically conductive layer (4).

Provided are an electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material having properties which can withstand long term use; and a method for manufacturing the electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material. The electrically conductive layer coated aluminum material includes: an aluminum material (1); a first electrically conductive layer (2); an interposing layer (3); and a second electrically conductive layer (4). The first electrically conductive layer (2) is formed on a surface of the aluminum material (1) and includes an organic substance having electrical conductivity. The interposing layer (3) is formed between the aluminum material (1) and the first electrically conductive layer (2) and includes a carbide of aluminum. The second electrically conductive layer (4) is formed on a surface of the first electrically conductive layer (2) and includes carbon-containing particles (41). A resin is attached onto the surface of the aluminum material (1) and is dried, a carbon-containing substance is attached thereonto, and thereafter, the aluminum material (1) is placed in a space including a hydrocarbon-containing substance and is heated, thereby forming the first electrically conductive layer (2), the interposing layer (3), and the second electrically conductive layer (4).

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.