In one or more embodiments, a shielding device is provided to shield a bore of a shaft against surface treatment, the shielding device including a sleeve to be at least partially received within the bore, the sleeve defining on its side wall a through-aperture and being of a first cross-sectional dimension when the through-aperture is at a rest position, and a pin to be at least partially received within the sleeve, the sleeve being of a second cross-sectional dimension greater than the first cross-sectional dimension when the through-aperture is at an expanded position with the pin being at least partially received within the sleeve.

A carbon coating such as graphene formed on an article or component forms a reduced friction surface on the component. The graphene forms a superlubricity coating for mitigating friction against engaged, moving surfaces. A metallic component receives a graphene coating resulting from a high temperature biowaste treatment (HTBT) by surrounding the metallic component with a granular biowaste medium defining a carbon source, and heating the metallic component in the biowaste medium for diffusing carbon from the biowaste medium to aggregate on a surface of the component, thereby forming a graphene coating.

A carbon coating such as graphene formed on an article or component forms a reduced friction surface on the component. The graphene forms a superlubricity coating for mitigating friction against engaged, moving surfaces. A metallic component receives a graphene coating resulting from a high temperature biowaste treatment (HTBT) by surrounding the metallic component with a granular biowaste medium defining a carbon source, and heating the metallic component in the biowaste medium for diffusing carbon from the biowaste medium to aggregate on a surface of the component, thereby forming a graphene coating.

A method is described for migration of a deposition material across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface including: using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to a substrate by applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate, where the specified pressure has a value between 14.5 psi and 125 psi, and applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate, where the heatable top disk is controlled at a temperature between 25 C. and 500 C. and the heatable bottom disk is controlled at a temperature between 25 C. and 500 C., and where graphene is formed on the substrate surface.

A method is described for migration of a deposition material across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface including: using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to a substrate by applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate, where the specified pressure has a value between 14.5 psi and 125 psi, and applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate, where the heatable top disk is controlled at a temperature between 25 C. and 500 C. and the heatable bottom disk is controlled at a temperature between 25 C. and 500 C., and where graphene is formed on the substrate surface.

There is provided a diamond film-deposited substrate, including: a substrate comprising niobium metal; a niobium carbide layer on at least one main surface of the substrate; and a conductive diamond film on the niobium carbide layer,

wherein when a surface of the conductive diamond film was observed using a scanning electron microscope, no pinholes reaching the substrate or the niobium carbide layer are present within a field of view of 20 m20 m.

There is provided a diamond film-deposited substrate, including: a substrate comprising niobium metal; a niobium carbide layer on at least one main surface of the substrate; and a conductive diamond film on the niobium carbide layer,

wherein when a surface of the conductive diamond film was observed using a scanning electron microscope, no pinholes reaching the substrate or the niobium carbide layer are present within a field of view of 20 m20 m.

Disclosed herein is a method for treating an article made of self-passivating metal including applying reagent to a surface portion of the article and applying laser light to the surface portion of the article to chemically activate the reagent, wherein the chemical activating of the reagent treats the surface portion for modification of one or more properties.

The present disclosure relates generally to creating metal carbide parts or parts with metal carbide layers. In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to converting metal parts to metal carbide parts or parts with metal carbide layers. In other aspects, the present disclosure relates to metal-impregnated coatings that may be used to form metal carbide layers on parts. In yet other aspects, the present disclosure relates to metal-impregnated resins being used as material for 3D printing, casting, or coating disposable substrates, or otherwise forming objects that become standalone ceramic parts upon heat treatment and carburization of the metal.

The present disclosure relates generally to creating metal carbide parts or parts with metal carbide layers. In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to converting metal parts to metal carbide parts or parts with metal carbide layers. In other aspects, the present disclosure relates to metal-impregnated coatings that may be used to form metal carbide layers on parts. In yet other aspects, the present disclosure relates to metal-impregnated resins being used as material for 3D printing, casting, or coating disposable substrates, or otherwise forming objects that become standalone ceramic parts upon heat treatment and carburization of the metal.