A method of forming a layer of a cathode is provided. The method includes generating a plasma remote from one or more sputter targets, sputtering material from the target or targets using the plasma, and depositing the sputtered material on the substrate to which a bias voltage has been applied, thereby forming the layer of cathode.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material.

An extremely thin copper foil with a carrier is provided that can keep stable releasability even after being heated for a prolonged time at a high temperature of 350° C. or more. The extremely thin copper foil with a carrier includes a carrier composed of a glass or ceramic material; an intermediate layer provided on the carrier and composed of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ti, Al, Nb, Zr, Cr, W, Ta, Co, Ag, Ni, In, Sn, Zn, Ga, and Mo; a release layer provided on the intermediate layer and including a carbon sublayer and a metal oxide sublayer or containing metal oxide and carbon; and an extremely thin copper layer provided on the release layer.

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material.

The present invention relates to the technical field of superlattice magneto-optical material technologies, and in particular, to a superlattice material, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to description of embodiments, the superlattice material provided in the present invention has both a relatively good magnetic property of a ferrous garnet material and a good photoelectric absorption characteristic of a two-dimensional semiconductor material such as graphene. Magneto-optical Kerr effect data obtained through testing shows that: A saturated magneto-optical Kerr angle of the superlattice material in the present invention is 13 mdeg in a magnetic field of 2500 Oe, and a magneto-optical Kerr angle of the superlattice material is increased by 2.5 times compared with a nonsuperlattice ferrimagnetic thin film material into which no two-dimensional material is inserted, thereby achieving magneto-optical effect enhancement.

Part for a motor vehicle includes an opacification coating, associated manufacturing method and luminous device including the part. The part for a motor vehicle includes a polymer-based body having a surface, an opacification coating covering at least one portion of the surface. The coating is formed by at least one thin iron-based layer and includes at least one compound from among an iron oxide and an iron nitride, and has a thickness that is greater than or equal to 100 nm over at least 50% of the at least one portion of the surface. Furthermore, the coating exhibits incident light radiation absorption that is greater than 70% of the incident light radiation. Thus, the coating allows reliable and reproducible opacification of the surface of the part.

A calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS)-reactive thermal barrier coating including a ceramic coating; and a CMAS-reactive overlay coating, wherein the CMAS-reactive overlay coating conforms to a surface of the ceramic coating and comprises a compound that forms a stable high melting point crystalline precipitate when reacted with molten CMAS at a rate that is competitive with CMAS infiltration kinetics into the thermal barrier coating; wherein the CMAS-reactive overlay coating comprises a material selected from a group consisting of a non-rare earth oxide and a mixed non-rare earth oxide; and wherein the ceramic coating phase is chemically stable with the CMAS-reactive overlay coating.

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include a heterogeneous structure, for example a heterogeneous composition and/or morphology. Such heterogeneous anodically coloring layers can be used to better tune the properties of a device.

A superalloy workpiece includes a superalloy substrate and an interface layer (IF-1) of essentially the same superalloy composition directly on a surface of the superalloy substrate. A transition layer (TL) of essentially the same superalloy and superalloy oxides or a different metal composition and different metal oxides is on the interface layer (IF-1). The oxygen content of the transition layer increases from the interface layer (IF-1) towards a barrier layer (IF-2) of super alloy oxides or of different metal oxides.

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel tungsten tantalum oxide (NiWTaO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.