Casing for ammunition for hand guns made from aluminium or aluminium alloy, and which has a coating of 2-50 m of CaCO.sub.3(s) on the inner and outer surfaces of the casing, and a method for producing the coated casing.

Casing for ammunition for hand guns made from aluminium or aluminium alloy, and which has a coating of 2-50 m of CaCO.sub.3(s) on the inner and outer surfaces of the casing, and a method for producing the coated casing.

A corrosion-resistant coating on an aluminum-containing substrate such as an aluminum substrate, an aluminum alloy substrate (e.g., AA 2024, AA 6061, or AA7075), or other aluminum-containing substrate includes a corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) layer and a sol-gel layer. A zinc salt and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., a salt of an oxyanion of a transition metal such as a vanadate) is dissolved to form a zinc-corrosion inhibitor solution, and the substrate is immersed in or otherwise contacted with the solution to form the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer on the substrate. A sol-gel composition is applied on the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer of the substrate to form a sol-gel layer, and the sol-gel layer is cured.

A corrosion-resistant coating on an aluminum-containing substrate such as an aluminum substrate, an aluminum alloy substrate (e.g., AA 2024, AA 6061, or AA7075), or other aluminum-containing substrate includes a corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) layer and a sol-gel layer. A zinc salt and a corrosion inhibitor (e.g., a salt of an oxyanion of a transition metal such as a vanadate) is dissolved to form a zinc-corrosion inhibitor solution, and the substrate is immersed in or otherwise contacted with the solution to form the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer on the substrate. A sol-gel composition is applied on the corrosion inhibitor-incorporated ZnAl LDH layer of the substrate to form a sol-gel layer, and the sol-gel layer is cured.

Disclosed is a method of making a treatment composition. A lithium cation and carbon dioxide are combined in an aqueous medium to form the treatment composition comprising lithium carbonate in situ. Also disclosed is a system and method for maintaining a treatment bath formed from a treatment composition comprising lithium carbonate. Carbon dioxide and/or a lithium salt are supplied to the bath in an amount sufficient to maintain the pH of the treatment bath at 9.5 to 12.5, lithium in an amount of 5 ppm to 5,500 ppm (calculated as lithium cation) and carbonate in an amount of 15 ppm to 25,000 ppm (calculated as carbonate) based on total weight of the treatment bath. Substrates treated with the composition, system and method also are disclosed.

Disclosed is a method of making a treatment composition. A lithium cation and carbon dioxide are combined in an aqueous medium to form the treatment composition comprising lithium carbonate in situ. Also disclosed is a system and method for maintaining a treatment bath formed from a treatment composition comprising lithium carbonate. Carbon dioxide and/or a lithium salt are supplied to the bath in an amount sufficient to maintain the pH of the treatment bath at 9.5 to 12.5, lithium in an amount of 5 ppm to 5,500 ppm (calculated as lithium cation) and carbonate in an amount of 15 ppm to 25,000 ppm (calculated as carbonate) based on total weight of the treatment bath. Substrates treated with the composition, system and method also are disclosed.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

Disclosed is a conversion composition containing a trivalent chromium cation in an amount of 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L. Also disclosed is a system for treating a metal substrate that includes the conversion composition and a sealing composition comprising a lithium cation. Also disclosed is a method for treating a metal substrate that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the substrate with the conversion composition and then contacting at least a portion of the surface of the substrate with the sealing composition. Also disclosed is a substrate obtainable by treatment with the system and/or obtainable by the method of treating.

Disclosed is a conversion composition containing a trivalent chromium cation in an amount of 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L. Also disclosed is a system for treating a metal substrate that includes the conversion composition and a sealing composition comprising a lithium cation. Also disclosed is a method for treating a metal substrate that includes contacting at least a portion of a surface of the substrate with the conversion composition and then contacting at least a portion of the surface of the substrate with the sealing composition. Also disclosed is a substrate obtainable by treatment with the system and/or obtainable by the method of treating.

Provided is an aluminum-resin bonded body that expresses excellent bonding strength and does not show a reduction in the strength after a durability test, thus being able to keep the excellent bonding strength over a long period of time. The aluminum-resin bonded body includes: an aluminum substrate formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy; an oxygen-containing film containing oxygen, the oxygen-containing film being formed on a surface of the aluminum substrate; and a resin molded body formed of a thermoplastic resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin and an additive, the resin molded body being bonded onto the oxygen-containing film, in which the thermoplastic resin composition contains any one or both of: a thermoplastic resin containing an element having an unshared electron pair in a repeat unit and/or at an end; and an additive containing an element having an unshared electron pair.