A chemical decontamination reagent containing a reducing agent, a reductive metal ion, and an inorganic acid is provided to remove a radioactive oxide layer on a metal surface. The reagent can dissolve the radioactive oxide layer on the metal surface effectively at a relatively low temperature and enables a simple process of contacting the reagent to the radioactive oxide, thus economically effective in terms of cost and time required for the process. Since the decontamination does not use a conventional organic chelating agent such as oxalic acid, but the reducing agent as a main substance, the residuals of the reducing agent remained after decontamination can be decomposed and removed with an oxidizing agent. Due to the easy decomposition with the chemical decontamination reagent, secondary wastes can be minimized and the radionuclides remained in the decontamination reagent solution can be removed effectively.

A method of forming an implant to be implanted into living bone is disclosed. The method comprises the act of roughening at least a portion of the implant surface to produce a microscale roughened surface. The method further comprises the act of immersing the microscale roughened surface into a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution to produce a nanoscale roughened surface consisting of ranopitting superimposed on the microscale roughened surface. The nanoscale roughened surface has a property that promotes osseointegration.

An additive method for preparing a large die blank for isothermal forging comprising preparing a plurality of titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy plate-shaped elements of a preset shape; preparing a plurality of foil-shaped intermediate layers of pure tantalum, a niobium-tungsten alloy and a tantalum-tungsten alloy of a preset shape; forming an assembly of a preset configuration, such that the foil-shaped intermediate layers are sandwiched between the titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy plate-shaped elements; applying an axial pressure to the assembly under high-temperature vacuum to perform diffusion connections to obtain a primary blank; subjecting the primary blank to a homogenization treatment under a high temperature, vacuum or inert gas protection to homogenize the structure and components at a connection interface in the primary blank; and cooling the homogenized primary blank to obtain a die blank.

An additive method for preparing a large die blank for isothermal forging comprising preparing a plurality of titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy plate-shaped elements of a preset shape; preparing a plurality of foil-shaped intermediate layers of pure tantalum, a niobium-tungsten alloy and a tantalum-tungsten alloy of a preset shape; forming an assembly of a preset configuration, such that the foil-shaped intermediate layers are sandwiched between the titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy plate-shaped elements; applying an axial pressure to the assembly under high-temperature vacuum to perform diffusion connections to obtain a primary blank; subjecting the primary blank to a homogenization treatment under a high temperature, vacuum or inert gas protection to homogenize the structure and components at a connection interface in the primary blank; and cooling the homogenized primary blank to obtain a die blank.

The composition ratio of a titanium hydride [I.sub.TiH/(I.sub.Ti+I.sub.TiH)]100 found from the maximum intensity of metal titanium (I.sub.Ti) and the maximum intensity of the titanium hydride (I.sub.TiH) of the X-ray diffraction peaks measured at a surface of a titanium or a titanium alloy at an incident angle to the surface of 0.3 is 55% or more, a titanium oxide film is formed on an outermost surface of the titanium or the titanium alloy, and C is at 10 atomic % or less, N is at 1 atomic % or less, and B is at 1 atomic % or less in a position where the surface has been subjected to sputtering of 5 nm with argon. The titanium oxide film is formed by performing stabilization treatment after performing passivation treatment in prescribed aqueous solutions, and has a thickness of 3 to 10 nm.

A titanium material for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell separator consists of, by mass %, a platinum group metal: 0.005% to 0.15% and a rare earth metal: 0.002% to 0.10%, with the balance being Ti and impurities. The titanium material of the present invention is provided with a film formed of a titanium oxide and a platinum group metal on the surface thereof. It is preferred that the film has a thickness of 50 nm or less, and that the concentration of the platinum group metal on the surface of the film is 1.5% by mass or more. With the thus formed film, the titanium material of the present invention is capable of achieving a reduction in initial contact resistance and ensuring good corrosion resistance. In the titanium material of the present invention, the rare earth metal is preferably Y, and the platinum group metal is preferably Pd.

The present invention provides a decontamination method including the steps of decontaminating an object containing radioactive contaminated metals or alloys with a chemical decontamination agent comprising sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4) and forming a Ba or Sr precipitate by adding Ba or Sr cation and hydroxyl ion or halogen anion salts to the decontamination waste water.

The present invention also provides a kit for decontamination including a chemical decontamination agent including sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4) to decontaminate an object containing radioactive contaminated metals or alloys and Ba or Sr cation and hydroxyl ion or halogen anion salts to be added to the decontamination waste water to form a precipitate.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for in situ cleaning of hot gas flowpath components of a turbine engine that form portions of a hot gas flowpath extending through the turbine. The hot gas flowpath components may include a layer of accumulated contaminants on first portions thereof that form a respective portion of the hot gas flowpath. The first portions may include a thermal battier coating (TBC), and the layer of accumulated contaminants may overlie the TBC and at least partially infiltrate into the TBC. The accumulated contaminants may include CaOMgOAl2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) partial melt. The methods may include introducing an acid-including detergent into the hot gas flowpath of the turbine engine and onto the hot gas flowpath components to clean the accumulated contaminants from the first surfaces of the components.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for in situ cleaning of hot gas flowpath components of a turbine engine that form portions of a hot gas flowpath extending through the turbine. The hot gas flowpath components may include a layer of accumulated contaminants on first portions thereof that form a respective portion of the hot gas flowpath. The first portions may include a thermal battier coating (TBC), and the layer of accumulated contaminants may overlie the TBC and at least partially infiltrate into the TBC. The accumulated contaminants may include CaOMgOAl2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) partial melt. The methods may include introducing an acid-including detergent into the hot gas flowpath of the turbine engine and onto the hot gas flowpath components to clean the accumulated contaminants from the first surfaces of the components.

A method of forming a nanocrystalline surface on an implant is disclosed. The method comprises the act of roughening at least a portion of the implant surface to form a roughened surface. The method further comprises the act of, without forming an alkoxide on the roughened surface, depositing nanocrystals on the roughened surface. The nanocrystals comprise a material having a property that promotes osseointegration.