A method for method for manufacturing a rutile titanium dioxide layer according to the inventive concept includes forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate, and depositing a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) material on the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer includes a metal oxide of a rutile phase. An amount of oxygen vacancy of the sacrificial layer after depositing the titanium dioxide material is greater than an amount of oxygen vacancy of the sacrificial layer before depositing the titanium dioxide material. The metal oxide includes a metal different from titanium (Ti).

Forming a single crystal film includes contacting a seed crystal with one or more amorphous metallic alloy layers to form an amorphous precursor film, and annealing the amorphous precursor film to yield the single crystal film.

The present invention concerns a susceptor comprising a disc-shaped portion (21) and a cylindrical or conical portion (22); the disc-shaped portion (21) is used to (directly or indirectly) support one or more substrates to be subjected to epitaxial deposition inside a reaction chamber of an epitaxial deposition reactor; the cylindrical or conical portion (22) is used to contribute to the heating of the disc-shaped portion (21); thanks to the configuration of the susceptor, it is possible to heat the disc-shaped portion (21) to a very uniform temperature; in fact, for example, the heating of the susceptor can be obtained through a first inductor (4) adapted to directly heat the disc-shaped portion (21), in particular its outer annular zone, and a second inductor (5) adapted to directly heat the cylindrical or conical portion (22) and indirectly heat the disc-shaped portion (21), in particular its central zone.

The present invention provides a film formation method and a film formation apparatus which can fabricate an epitaxial film with +c polarity by a sputtering method. In one embodiment of the present invention, the film formation method of epitaxially growing a semiconductor thin film with a wurtzite structure by the sputtering method on an epitaxial growth substrate heated to a predetermined temperature by a heater includes the following steps. First, the substrate is disposed on a substrate holding portion including the heater to be located at a predetermined distance away from the heater. Then, the epitaxial film of the semiconductor film with the wurtzite structure is formed on the substrate with the impedance of the substrate holding portion being adjusted.

Silicon carbide (SiC) wafers and related methods are disclosed that include large diameter SiC wafers with wafer shape characteristics suitable for semiconductor manufacturing. Large diameter SiC wafers are disclosed that have reduced deformation related to stress and strain effects associated with forming such SiC wafers. As described herein, wafer shape and flatness characteristics may be improved by reducing crystallographic stress profiles during growth of SiC crystal boules or ingots. Wafer shape and flatness characteristics may also be improved after individual SiC wafers have been separated from corresponding SiC crystal boules. In this regard, SiC wafers and related methods are disclosed that include large diameter SiC wafers with suitable crystal quality and wafer shape characteristics including low values for wafer bow, warp, and thickness variation.

Methods and systems for growing thin films via molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on substrates are provided. The methods and systems utilize a thermally conductive backing plate including an infrared-absorbing coating (IAC) formed, for example, on one side of the thermally conductive backing plate to provide an asymmetric emissivity that absorbs infrared radiation (IR) on the side having the IRC and does not on the non-coated side of the thermally conductive backing plate (e.g., refractive metal or alloy). The asymmetric emissivity shields the thin film being deposited on a substrate from the IR during formation.

A susceptor is a component for placing a SiC substrate in forming an epitaxial layer on a main surface of the SiC substrate. In this susceptor, a support surface and a recess are formed. The support surface is formed on lower position than an upper surface of the susceptor and supports an outer circumferential of the rear face of the SiC substrate. The recess is formed in the inside of the diametrical direction than the support surface, and at least the surface is made of a tantalum carbide, the depth of that is not in contact with the rear face of the Sic substrate in forming the epitaxial layer.

According to an example of the present invention, a physical vapour deposition method comprises depositing a metal seed layer on a substrate, wherein the seed layer being deposited under a first temperature of between 20% and 90% of a melting temperature of the metal, and depositing more of the metal on the seed layer at a second temperature, lower than the first temperature, until a continuous single-crystalline film of the metal is complete and has a thickness of 10-2000 nanometres.

A manufacturing method for a group-III nitride crystal, the manufacturing method includes: preparing a seed substrate; increasing temperature of the seed substrate placed in a nurturing chamber; and supplying a group-III element oxide gas produced in a raw material chamber connected to the nurturing chamber by a connecting pipe and a nitrogen element-containing gas into the nurturing chamber to grow a group-III nitride crystal on the seed substrate, wherein a flow amount y of a carrier gas supplied into the raw material chamber at the temperature increase step satisfies following two relational equations (I) and (II), y<[1k*H(Ts)]/[k*H(Ts)j*H(Tg)]*j*H(Tg)*t (I), y1.58*10.sup.4*(22.4/28)S*F(N)/F(T) (II), wherein k represents an arrival rate to a saturated vapor pressure of a group-III element in the raw material chamber, Ts represents a temperature of the raw material chamber, Tg represents a temperature of the nurturing chamber, H(Ts) represents a saturated vapor pressure of the group-III element at the temperature Ts in the raw material chamber, H(Tg) represents a saturated vapor pressure of the group-III element at the temperature Tg in the nurturing chamber, j represents a corrective coefficient, t represents a sum of gas flow amounts flowing into the nurturing chamber from those other than the raw material chamber, S represents a cross-sectional area of the connecting pipe, F(N) represents a volumetric flow amount of the nitrogen element-containing gas supplied into the nurturing chamber, and F(T) represents a sum of volumetric flow amounts of gases supplied into the nurturing chamber from those other than the raw material chamber.

A method for manufacturing a SiC single crystal reducing crystallinity degradation at a wafer central portion wherein a growth container surrounds a heat-insulating material with a top temperature measurement hole, a seed crystal substrate at an upper portion inside the container, and a silicon carbide raw material at a lower portion of the container and sublimated to grow a SiC single crystal on the seed crystal substrate. A center position hole deviates from a center position of the seed crystal substrate and moves to the periphery side of the center of the seed crystal substrate. A SiC single crystal substrate surface is tilted by a {0001} plane and used as the seed crystal substrate. The SiC single crystal grows with the seed crystal substrate directed to a normal vector of the seed crystal substrate basal plane parallel to the main surface and identical to the hole in a cross-sectional view.