The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

The present invention addresses to catalysts applicable to the conversion of CO to CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 by the water-gas shift reaction. Such catalysts are made up of iron oxides, zirconium oxides, cerium oxides or a mixture of the same, promoted by platinum (Pt) contents between 0.1 and 0.4% m/m and with a sodium (Na) content below 0.01% m/m, based on the oxidized material. The present invention makes it possible to obtain catalysts with a high dispersion of Pt, with metallic particles of the order of 1 nm and methods of preparation by coprecipitation of soluble salts in aqueous medium using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitating agent.

The present invention addresses to catalysts applicable to the conversion of CO to CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 by the water-gas shift reaction. Such catalysts are made up of iron oxides, zirconium oxides, cerium oxides or a mixture of the same, promoted by platinum (Pt) contents between 0.1 and 0.4% m/m and with a sodium (Na) content below 0.01% m/m, based on the oxidized material. The present invention makes it possible to obtain catalysts with a high dispersion of Pt, with metallic particles of the order of 1 nm and methods of preparation by coprecipitation of soluble salts in aqueous medium using ammonium hydroxide as a precipitating agent.

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons.

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to relates to CO.sub.2-free methods of co-producing hydrogen and solid forms of carbon via methane decomposition. The methods are efficient, self-sustaining, and environmentally sound. In a further aspect, the disclosure relates to recyclable and recoverable catalysts supported by solid forms of carbon and methods for recycling the catalysts. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to catalysts that do not require support by solid forms of carbon. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to relates to CO.sub.2-free methods of co-producing hydrogen and solid forms of carbon via methane decomposition. The methods are efficient, self-sustaining, and environmentally sound. In a further aspect, the disclosure relates to recyclable and recoverable catalysts supported by solid forms of carbon and methods for recycling the catalysts. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to catalysts that do not require support by solid forms of carbon. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Provided is an operation management system configured to manage delivery of a raw material from a raw material production base where the raw material including a hydride is produced to a plurality of dehydrogenation bases where the raw material is subjected to a dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas. The operation management system includes: an information acquisition unit configured to acquire first information on a dehydrogenation status in the plurality of dehydrogenation bases; and a delivery plan creation unit configured to create a delivery plan for delivering the raw material to the plurality of dehydrogenation bases on the basis of the first information.

Provided is an operation management system configured to manage delivery of a raw material from a raw material production base where the raw material including a hydride is produced to a plurality of dehydrogenation bases where the raw material is subjected to a dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas. The operation management system includes: an information acquisition unit configured to acquire first information on a dehydrogenation status in the plurality of dehydrogenation bases; and a delivery plan creation unit configured to create a delivery plan for delivering the raw material to the plurality of dehydrogenation bases on the basis of the first information.