The invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen, in which, in a non-electrolytic method, a carbonaceous feed material is converted into non-electrolytically produced hydrogen and one or more further non-electrolytically produced products, and furthermore excess steam is provided using the non-electrolytic process. According to the invention at least a part of the excess steam is used at least intermittently to provide feed steam, which is converted by means of steam electrolysis to electrolytic hydrogen and electrolytic oxygen. The present invention also relates to a corresponding plant.

A series of three chemical reactions, including a combination of endothermic and exothermic reactions, is used to generate, store, and supply on-demand heat from renewable energy sources for use in a variety of processes. Products from one reaction are used in the next reaction, and the series of three reactions is carried out once or more than once, optionally as a closed loop process.

The present invention addresses to a process for the integrated production of H.sub.2 and aviation kerosene from renewable raw materials aiming at reducing CO.sub.2 emissions and consequently bringing benefits to reduce the impact of global warming on the planet. The process involves a hydrotreatment section to obtain n-paraffins followed by a hydroisomerization section to produce isoparaffins. The water and light hydrocarbons obtained in the isoparaffin production process are used for the production of H.sub.2 by the steam reforming process. An alcohol, such as ethanol or glycerin, with less than 6 carbon atoms, is fed into the hydrotreating section to make up the light hydrocarbon stream used in the production of renewable hydrogen.

Hydrogen is a useful carbon-neutral fuel that can be used in many applications. Unfortunately, hydrogen is hard to produce cost effectively without additional pollution from the production process. This invention solves the problem of producing hydrogen using a renewable low carbon source. This method uses high temperature heat from a concentrated solar power plant to generate steam from water. The steam can then be used with methane or another starter fuel to produce low carbon hydrogen. Additional steam can be added to boost the hydrogen to carbon ratios.

The invention relates to producing upgraded renewable oil. Renewable crude oil is provided whose oxygen content, water content, and total acid number are within predetermined ranges. Respective fractions of the oil have boiling points below 350° C. and above 450° C. After the oil is pressurized, and hydrogen is added, the mixture is heated and contacted with a heterogeneous catalyst in a first reaction zone with weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.1 to 1 h-1. The resultant partially hydrogenated and deoxygenated oil is further heated and contacted with a heterogeneous catalyst in a second reaction zone at WHSV of 0.1 to 1.5 h-1. Low and high boiling point liquid hydrocarbon fractions of the product of the second reaction zone are sent to third and fourth reaction zones, respectively, to be contacted with hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst under respective heating conditions and WHSV of 0.1 to 1 h-1.

A reactor system for carrying out an endothermic catalytic chemical reaction in a given temperature range upon bringing a reactant into contact with a catalyst material. The reactor system includes a reactor unit arranged to accommodate catalyst material including one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports susceptible for induction heating where the one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are ferromagnetic at temperatures up to an upper limit of the given temperature range. The one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are coated with an oxide, and the oxide is impregnated with catalytically active particles. The reactor system moreover includes an induction coil arranged to be powered by a power source supplying alternating current and being positioned so as to generate an alternating magnetic field within the reactor unit upon energization by the power source, whereby the catalyst material is heated to a temperature within the temperature range by the alternating magnetic field.

The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream.

In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream.

The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

An apparatus for steam reforming includes a reactor, a condensate separator, a condensate stripper, and a steam boiler. The reactor produces hydrogen and is connected to the condensate separator such that a gas mixture is conducted from the reactor into the condensate separator. The condensate separator and the condensate stripper are connected so that condensate separated out in the condensate separator is conducted into the condensate stripper. The condensate separator and the steam boiler are connected such that cleaned condensate can be conducted into the steam boiler. The steam boiler is connected to the reactor and to the condensate stripper in a steam-conducting manner. The boiler water feed line of the steam boiler is connectable to the condensate stripper in a liquid-conducting manner. A supply from the boiler water feed line is at a same location of the condensate stripper as a supply of the condensate from the condensate separator.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock, and the Wobbe Index of said fuel is increased by a step of carbon dioxide removal or methanation.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.