A combustion control apparatus of an Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) reforming system and a method for controlling the same may include a burner provided to supply heat to a reformer, a flame temperature analyzer configured to analyze a flame temperature of the burner, an air flow rate calculator configured to determine an initial value of a flow rate of air to be supplied to the burner depending on a flow rate of fuel gas supplied to the burner, and an air flow rate controller electrically connected to the air flow rate calculator and the flame temperature analyzer and configured to select the flow rate of the air at which the flame temperature transmitted by the flame temperature analyzer reaches a maximum while changing the flow rate of the air from the initial value and to control supply of the selected flow rate of the air to the burner.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch process integrated into refineries, in particular comprising recycling streams from the steam reforming hydrogen production process as the feedstock for the Fischer-Tropsch process.

A high-pressure steam stream produced from the waste heat recovery system of a syngas producing unit may be superheated and then supplied to a steam turbine in a hydrocarbon production plant to produce an expanded steam stream and shaft power. A portion of the expanded stream can be fed into the reforming reactor in the syngas producing unit. The shaft power can be used to drive compressors and pumps in an olefins production plant. Considerable energy efficiency and capital investment savings can be realized by such steam integration compared to running the olefins production plant separately.

A hydrogen production apparatus includes a heating furnace that burns fuel supplied by a fuel supply unit and heats catalyst particles, a cyclone that is connected to a downstream side of the heating furnace and separates the catalyst particles and a combustion exhaust gas, and a thermal decomposition furnace including a storage tank that stores the catalyst particles separated by the cyclone and a raw material gas introduction unit that introduces a raw material gas containing at least hydrocarbon from a lower portion of the storage tank.

A process for producing low or no carbon intensity hydrogen. In one embodiment, the process includes the step of pretreating a hydrocarbon gas stream. The pretreated hydrocarbon gas stream is fed into a reformer. The pretreated hydrocarbon gas steam is heated in the reformer to produce a synthesis gas stream and a flue gas stream. The flue gas stream is fed to a waste heat recovery section. Waste heat is recovered to increase the thermal efficiency of the process. The synthesis gas stream is fed to a shift gas reactor. Carbon monoxide from the synthesis gas stream in the shift gas reactor is converted to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is separated from the synthesis gas stream and the hydrogen is separated. In another embodiment, the carbon dioxide is captured following the hydrogen separation. In another embodiment, the carbon dioxide is captured from the flue gas.

A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

Syngas is produced by a steam reforming unit with at least one of a bayonet reactor for reforming steam and a hydrocarbon, a recuperative burner, and a regenerative burner such that the steam reforming unit produces little or no steam in excess of the steam reforming process requirements. The syngas is then converted to methanol in a methanol synthesis unit. Compressors for the synthesis unit are driven by higher efficiency drivers than are possible using the low temperature steam conventionally exported from a steam reforming unit.

Systems and methods are provided for using oxycombustion to provide heat within a reverse flow reactor environment. The oxygen for the oxycombustion can be provided by oxygen stored in an oxygen storage component in the reactor. By using an oxygen storage component to provide the oxygen for combustion during the regeneration step, heat can be added to a reverse flow reactor while reducing or minimizing addition of diluents and while avoiding the need for an air separation unit. As a result, a regeneration flue gas can be formed that is substantially composed of CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2O without requiring the additional cost of creating a substantially pure oxygen-containing gas flow.