A method and system for producing hydrogen using an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process within a reforming reactor, and a secondary reforming process within a reactively driven and catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor with or without an auxiliary source of heat to support primary reforming process within the reforming reactor to first form a synthesis gas product. The auxiliary source of heat is disposed within the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system proximate to the reforming reactors and comprises an auxiliary oxygen transport membrane reactor or a ceramic burner. The synthesis gas product is further treated in a separate high temperature water gas shift reactor and optionally in a separate low temperature water gas shift reactor. Hydrogen is produced from the resulting hydrogen-enriched gas using hydrogen PSA.

Syngas production and separation plant comprising: -At least one reformer for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a gas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and at least one hydrocarbon as impurity, said reformer comprising a fired tubular reformer, a radiant section, a convection section and a heat recovery section, -a carbon monoxide cold box downstream of the reformer configured to produce a carbon monoxide-enriched gas stream and a waste gas stream comprising hydrogen and at least one hydrocarbon, -a passageway for feeding the radiant section of the reformer with a first part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a compressor for compressing a second part of the waste gas stream from cold box, -a hydrogen-permeating membrane separation system configured to be fed by the compressed second part of the waste gas stream and to produce a hydrogen-enriched permeate and a hydrocarbon-enriched retentate.

A plant and process for producing a hydrogen rich gas are provided, said process including the steps of: steam reforming a hydrocarbon feed into a synthesis gas; shifting the synthesis gas and conducting the shifted gas to a hydrogen purification unit, subjecting CO.sub.2-rich off-gas from the hydrogen purification unit to a carbon dioxide removal in a low temperature CO.sub.2-removal section and recycling CO.sub.2-depleted off-gas rich in hydrogen to the process. A drying unit upstream the CO.sub.2-removal section is provided, under the addition of regeneration gas produced in the plant and process.

There is described a reactor for generating ammonia from a synthesis gas by an exothermic reaction. The reactor comprises: a reactor vessel having a first inlet and one or more second inlets for receiving the synthesis gas, the reactor vessel configured as a quench cooled reactor having a plurality of reactor segments, the one or more second inlets being quench inlets, the reactor vessel having a base region with one or more exit ports configured to output synthesis gas and ammonia gas received from the reactor segments; a first heat exchanger coupled between the first inlet and the base region for transferring heat between the output gases and synthesis gas flowing to the first inlet; a reverse bypass configured to receive output gases from one of the one or more exit ports and bypass the first heat exchanger; and a control system configured to selectively control the flow of output gases through the first heat exchanger and reverse bypass. There are also described methods of generating ammonia from a synthesis gas by exothermic reaction. There is further described an energy storage system and a controller.