The present disclosure relates to a process plant and a process for production of a hydrogen rich gas, comprising the steps of (a) directing an amount of a synthesis gas comprising at least 15%, 50% or 80% on dry basis of CO and H.sub.2 in combination, a gas comprising steam, and a recycled intermediate product gas to be combined into a first reactor feed gas, (b) directing said first reactor feed gas to contact a first material catalytically active in water gas shift reaction, producing an intermediate product gas, (c) splitting said intermediate product gas in the recycled intermediate product gas and a remaining intermediate product gas, (d) combining said remaining intermediate product gas with a further amount of synthesis gas forming a second reactor feed gas, (e) directing said second reactor feed gas to contact a second material catalytically active in the water gas shift reaction, producing a product gas, characterized in the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said first reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0 and the H.sub.2O:CO ratio in said second reactor feed gas being from 0.5 to 2.0. with the associated benefit of distributing the heat development and thus reducing the maximum temperature in the reactors by limiting the extent of reaction of the reacting mixture, and thereby reducing the amount of steam required for limiting methanation.

The present invention provides a catalyst carrier with shift and adsorption purification performance, comprising modified bauxite in the raw material components which fluxing and pore forming effects. Most iron oxide contained in the bauxite is removed after modification, so that there are a large amount of highly active aluminosilicate compounds in the modified bauxite. When preparing the catalyst, the aluminosilicate compound serves as a low melting point flux and can significantly increase the migration rate of magnesium and aluminum ions during the calcinating process and promote the generation of MgAl.sub.2O.sub.4 at low temperatures, thereby the catalyst carrier of the present invention has strong anti-hydration capacity and mechanical strength. In addition, when the modified bauxite is used as macroporous hard template for the preparation of the catalyst, macro pores can be formed in the structure of the catalyst carrier after calcinating treatment, so that the catalyst carrier of the present invention has strong adsorption purification ability on macromolecular particles including oil pollution and dust.

A catalyst structure includes a carrier having a porous structure composed of a zeolite type compound and at least one catalytic material existing in the carrier. The carrier has channels communicating with each other, and the catalytic material is a metal fine particle and exists at least in the channel of the carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen by means of energy radiation. The method comprises: causing a composite catalyst to contact at least one hydrogen-containing source, and performing energy radiation on the composite catalyst and the hydrogen-containing source so as to produce hydrogen molecules, wherein the composite catalyst comprises at least one nano-base structure and at least one atomic site, and the atomic site comprises one or two or more chemical elements selected from Mn, Co, Fe, Al, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ti, and La.

Provided herein are catalyst materials and processes for processing hydrocarbons. For example, doped ceria-supported metal catalysts are provided exhibiting good activity and stability for commercially relevant DRM process conditions including low temperature and long term operation.

The disclosure relates to a process to perform an endothermic steam reforming of hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps of providing a fluidized bed reactor comprising at least two electrodes and a bed comprising particles, wherein the particles are put in a fluidized state to obtain a fluidized bed; heating the fluidized bed to a temperature ranging from 500? C. to 1200? C. by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed to conduct the endothermic reaction. The process is remarkable in that the particles of the bed comprise electrically conductive particles and particles of a catalytic composition, wherein at least 10 wt. % of the particles are electrically conductive particles and have a resistivity ranging from 0.001 to 500 Ohm.Math.cm at 800? C. and in that the step of heating the fluidized bed is performed by passing an electric current through the fluidized bed.

The present invention uses a cobalt catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of lower alkanes to synthesis gas having a cobalt catalyst on an oxide support where the supported cobalt catalyst has been modified with a boron precursor. The boron-treated cobalt catalyst systems as described herein show significant increases in the conversion of CH.sub.4 and CO.sub.2 during the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction as compared to traditional catalysts. Described herein are supported catalysts and methods of using the catalysts for the dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas, with the supported catalysts in the present invention include a boron-treated cobalt catalyst disposed on an oxide support. Also described herein are processes for preparing the supported catalysts.

The present invention discloses a catalytic process for the manufacture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons simultaneously in the same reactor from renewable source, i.e. lipids, glycerides and fatty acids from plant, animal or algae oil, where in the multiple unsaturations in the renewable feedstock and the catalytic intermediates produced in the process from renewable feedstock is converted catalytically using simultaneous combination of in-situ occurring reactions. These in-situ occurring reactions are simultaneous combination of hydroconversion, reforming and water gas shift reactions wherein the reaction is performed in the presence of one or more metal sulfides form of metals of Group VI and/or Group IX and/or Group X elements, specifically comprises of one or more active metal combinations such as Co, W, Mo, Ni, P, with Pt, Pd encapsulated inside sodalite cages for prevention against poisoning from sulfur based compounds. The hydroconversion comprises of reactions in presence of hydrogen such as hydrocracking, dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, cyclization and aromatization reactions. The catalyst along with the active metals also includes porous silica-alumina, zeolite, silica, alumina, silicoaluminophosphates or a combination of two or more thereof used as support for the above said process. These catalysts are loaded in a graded beds (two or more beds of different catalyst mixtures) or simultaneously (mixture of different catalyst systems) and reacted specifically at lower temperatures than the steam reforming conditions i.e. at pressure from 10 to 150 atmosphere, average temperature of the catalytic bed from 250 C. to 500 C., space-velocity of from 0.5 h.sup.1 to 8 h.sup.1, and hydrogen to feed ratio of from 300 NL of hydrogen/L of feed to 3500 NL hydrogen/L of feed. Initially hydrogen gas is supplied for conversion of the renewable feed stocks, as the reaction process the hydrogen consumed during the conversion of plant, animal or algae oil into hydrocarbons is balanced from the in-situ reactions such as reforming, dehydrogenation, water gas shift etc occurring during the same process. This production of hydrogen makes the entire process refinery independent and more economical and sustainable. Along with hydrogen the renewable feed stock is also converted into hydrocarbons ranging between C1-C24 carbon number, comprising of n-paraffins, isoparaffins, cyclo paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics and polynuclear aromatics.

The invention relates to a mixture, which is liquid at room temperature and which is composed of two or more compounds, which are constructed exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen and, in individual known compositions, form a synthetic substance mix that can be used as a heat-transfer liquid. The mixture is characterized in that the mixture contains at least one compound having at least two non-condensed, non-pi-conjugated aromatic units and is used in catalytic methods to bind hydrogen to or release hydrogen from the mixture.

A composite hollow particle comprising titanium dioxide and a metal ion in the shell which covers a hollow core. A method of making the composite hollow particle and a method of employing the composite hollow particle in production of hydrogen gas under visible light are provided.