Doped cerium oxide particles may comprise about 90 weight percent (wt. %) to about 99.9 wt. % cerium oxide (CeO.sub.2) and up to about 10 wt. % dopant. Exemplary doped cerium oxide particles may have a BET specific surface area of more than 150 m.sup.2/g after calcination at 500° C. for 8 hours. Exemplary doped cerium oxide particles may have an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of more than 900 μmol.Math.O.sub.2/g after calcination at 500° C. for 8 hours.

A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, a particle size of the second particles is smaller than a particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 0.1% by mass, a BET specific surface area of a solid phase obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 60 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 1.1×10.sup.4 G is 40 m.sup.2/g or more.

A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and an Rsp value calculated by Formula (1) below is 1.60 or more:
Rsp=(Tb/Tav)−1  (1)
[in the formula, Tav represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of the slurry in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass, and Tb represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of a supernatant solution obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 50 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 2.36×10.sup.5 G in a case where the content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass.]

A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and an Rsp value calculated by Formula (1) below is 1.60 or more:
Rsp=(Tb/Tav)−1  (1)
[in the formula, Tav represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of the slurry in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass, and Tb represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of a supernatant solution obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 50 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 2.36×10.sup.5 G in a case where the content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass.]

The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube having rare-earth oxide deposited on a surface thereof and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the rare-earth oxide can be deposited on the surface of the heat transfer tube to implement a superhydrophobic surface even under the high temperature environment and a plurality of assembled heat transfer tubes can be coated by coating a complex shape by depositing rare-earth oxide using a method for dipping a surface of the heat transfer tube and coating the same, thereby reducing or preventing the heat transfer tubes from being damaged during the assembling of the heat transfer tubes after the coating.

The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube having rare-earth oxide deposited on a surface thereof and a method for manufacturing the same, in which the rare-earth oxide can be deposited on the surface of the heat transfer tube to implement a superhydrophobic surface even under the high temperature environment and a plurality of assembled heat transfer tubes can be coated by coating a complex shape by depositing rare-earth oxide using a method for dipping a surface of the heat transfer tube and coating the same, thereby reducing or preventing the heat transfer tubes from being damaged during the assembling of the heat transfer tubes after the coating.

Disclosed here is a method for making a monolithic rare earth oxide (REO) aerogel, comprising: preparing a reaction mixture comprising at least one rare earth metal nitrate, at least one epoxide, at least one base catalyst, and at least one organic solvent; curing the mixture to produce a wet gel; drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel; and thermally annealing the dry gel to produce the monolithic REO aerogel. Also disclosed is an REO aerogel comprising a network of REO nanostructures, wherein the REO aerogel is a monolith having at least one lateral dimension of at least 1 cm, wherein the REO aerogel has a density of about 40-500 mg/cm.sup.3 and/or a BET surface area of at least about 20 m.sup.2/g, and wherein the REO aerogel is substantially free of oxychloride.

Disclosed here is a method for making a monolithic rare earth oxide (REO) aerogel, comprising: preparing a reaction mixture comprising at least one rare earth metal nitrate, at least one epoxide, at least one base catalyst, and at least one organic solvent; curing the mixture to produce a wet gel; drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel; and thermally annealing the dry gel to produce the monolithic REO aerogel. Also disclosed is an REO aerogel comprising a network of REO nanostructures, wherein the REO aerogel is a monolith having at least one lateral dimension of at least 1 cm, wherein the REO aerogel has a density of about 40-500 mg/cm.sup.3 and/or a BET surface area of at least about 20 m.sup.2/g, and wherein the REO aerogel is substantially free of oxychloride.

This disclosure relates generally to solvothermal synthesis-based method for nanoparticles production. In conventional nanoparticle production methods, precursor loading is limited to below the solubility limit of the precursor and focused completely on tight control of particle size and size distribution that results in low throughput and low yield. The disclosed method includes enabling process conditions to increase metal precursor loading up to the solubility limit of the metal precursor solution. The method includes pouring the pH modifier dropwise into the metal precursor solution with vigorous stirring, resulting in the formation of the metal hydroxide solution. The concentration of metal precursor solution is maintained in range of about 0.025M to 2 M, pH in range of 9 to 12, and stirring speed of 800-1200 rpm. The metal hydroxide solution is heated and a temperature of the reaction in the range of 25° C.-400° C. is maintained with aging time in the range of 6 to 24 hours to obtain the nanoparticle slurry.

This disclosure relates generally to solvothermal synthesis-based method for nanoparticles production. In conventional nanoparticle production methods, precursor loading is limited to below the solubility limit of the precursor and focused completely on tight control of particle size and size distribution that results in low throughput and low yield. The disclosed method includes enabling process conditions to increase metal precursor loading up to the solubility limit of the metal precursor solution. The method includes pouring the pH modifier dropwise into the metal precursor solution with vigorous stirring, resulting in the formation of the metal hydroxide solution. The concentration of metal precursor solution is maintained in range of about 0.025M to 2 M, pH in range of 9 to 12, and stirring speed of 800-1200 rpm. The metal hydroxide solution is heated and a temperature of the reaction in the range of 25° C.-400° C. is maintained with aging time in the range of 6 to 24 hours to obtain the nanoparticle slurry.