A positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite oxide and a covering material that covers a surface of the lithium composite oxide. The covering material has an electron conductivity of 10.sup.6 S/m or less. The lithium composite oxide is a multiphase mixture including a first phase having a first crystal structure that belongs to a space group Fm-3m and a second phase having a second crystal structure that belongs to a space group other than a space group Fm-3m. The ratio I.sub.(18-20)/I.sub.(43-46) of a first integrated intensity I.sub.(18-20) of a first maximum peak present at a first diffraction angle 2 of 18 or more and 20 or less to a second integrated intensity I.sub.(43-46) of a second maximum peak present at a second diffraction angle 2 of 43 or more and 46 or less in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.05I.sub.(18-20)/I.sub.(43-46)0.90.

Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery which is represented by general formula (1) below and has a nanorod shape, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
LiNi.sub.1xyMn.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.2(1)

There are provided processes for preparing a metal hydroxide comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium and aluminum, the process comprising reacting a metal sulfate comprising (i) at least one metal chosen from nickel and cobalt and optionally (ii) at least one metal chosen from manganese, lithium and aluminum with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide and optionally a chelating agent in order to obtain a solid comprising the metal hydroxide and a liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate: separating the liquid and the solid from one another to obtain the metal hydroxide; submitting the liquid comprising lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate to an electromembrane process for converting the lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate and/or potassium sulfate into lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide respectively; reusing the sodium hydroxide obtained by the electromembrane process for reacting with the metal sulfate; and reusing the lithium hydroxide obtained by the electromembrane process for reacting with the metal sulfate and/or with the metal hydroxide.

Vessels such as crucibles, pans, open cups and saggars, containing a monolithic ceramic material, and a ceramic matrix composite, wherein the monolithic ceramic material is an inner part. A method for making oxide materials that can be utilized in the contact with corrosive materials and that allows for higher conversions in a given heating process.

A positive active material including: a core comprising a metal oxide, a non-metal oxide, or a combination thereof capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions or sodium ions; and a non-conductive carbonaceous film including oxygen on at least one portion of a surface of the core; a lithium battery including the positive active material; and a method of manufacturing the positive active material.

Use of cobalt in a cathode material of the general formula: Li (4/3-2x/3-y/3) Ni.sub.xCo.sub.yMn(2/3- x/3-2y/3)O.sub.2 for increasing the charge capacity of the material and for suppressing gas evolution from the cathode material during a charge cycle.

A compound of the general formula: wherein x is equal to or greater than 0.175 and equal to or less than 0.325 and y is equal to or greater than 0.05 and equal to or less than 0.35. In another embodiment, x is equal to zero and y is greater than 0.12 and equal to or less than 0.4. The compound is also formulated into a positive electrode for use in an electrochemical cell.

A lithium cobalt composite oxide for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery, the lithium cobalt composite oxide including a magnesium (Mg)-doped lithium cobalt composite oxide having an atomic ratio of Mg to cobalt (Co) of about 0.0035:1 to about 0.01:1, wherein the Mg-doped lithium cobalt composite oxide further includes fluorine (F).

A positive-electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a lithium complex compound that is represented by the formula: Li.sub.1+aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cCo.sub.dTi.sub.eM.sub.fO.sub.2+, and has an atomic ratio Ti.sup.3+/Ti.sup.4+ between Ti.sup.3+ and Ti.sup.4+, as determined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, of greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 20. In the formula, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Zr, Mo, and Nb, and a, b, c, d, e, f, and a are numbers satisfying 0.1a0.2, 0.7<b0.9, 0c<0.3, 0d<0.3, 0<e0.25, 0f<0.3, b+c+d+e+f=1, and 0.20.2.

A positive electrode active material comprising: a compound which has a crystal structure belonging to space group Fm-3m and which is represented by the following composition formula: Li.sub.xMe.sub.yO.sub.X.sub.. In the formula, the Me represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Al, Sn, Cu, Nb, Mo, Bi, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ag, Ru, Ta, W, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Dy, and Er. The X represents one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, N, and S. The following conditions are satisfied: 0.5x1.5; 0.5y1.0; 1<2; and 0<1.