A novel system for generating ozonated water, for example, for sterilization of medical equipment. The system comprises an ozone generating cell including a nafion membrane separating an anode, and a cathode enclosed within a cell housing. The cell housing has a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane. The housing also incorporates an integrated spectrophotometer including a bubble trap. The system includes a hydrogen water reservoir for receiving water from the cathode and an ozone water reservoir for receiving generated ozonated water from the anode. Control circuitry controls a set of pumps, and controls ozone generation in a closed loop using the spectrophotometer to provide a selected ozone concentration in the ozonated water from the anode. An output port coupled to the ozone water reservoir allows ozonated water to flow out of the system for external use.

A novel cell for generating ozonated water including an integrated ozone concentration detector. The cell comprises a nafion membrane separating a diamond coated anode, and a gold surfaced cathode enclosed within a cell housing with the catalyst side of the nafion membrane facing the cathode. The cell housing has a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane. The cathode and anode have an array of holes allowing fluid to penetrate to the surface of the niobium membrane. Ozonated water from the anode is channeled to a spectrophotometer integrated within the housing. The spectrophotometer creates a signal representative of the ozone concentration in the ozonated water which is utilized by control circuitry in a closed loop to maintain a stable target concentration. A bubble trap may be integrated within the housing through which the ozonated water passes before entering the spectrophotometer to remove bubbles form the ozonated water. Input ports allow fluid to flow into the housing and over the anode and cathode and then out of the housing through outlet ports.

An electrolytic cell for treating wastewater comprises an anode assembly, a cathode assembly and at least one bipolar electrode assembly placed between the anode and the cathode assembly such that the anodes of the anode assembly and the cathodes of the cathode assembly are interleaved with the bipolar plates of the bipolar electrode assembly. Each bipolar electrode assembly comprises a series of bipolar electrodes which operate as an anode or as a cathode, stacked in a vertical direction along a threaded bolt made of an electrically conductive material such that the bipolar electrodes operating as anodes are oriented in an opposite direction to the bipolar electrodes operating as cathodes and have their ends overlapping over a predetermined portion and being separated by conductive spacers. In preferred embodiments, only the anodes and the bipolar electrodes operating as anodes are coated with catalyst which saves costs and simplifies the manufacturing process.

A disinfection system device for producing ozone water directly in a water pipe system contains an electrolytic tap water ozonation generator and holder. The electrolytic tap water ozonation generator includes at least one anode sheet and at least one cathode sheet. The holder includes a base, and the base has a locking portion, an inflow orifice, an outflow orifice, a connection interface, and a damping valve. A flow switch is mounted above the base and has an intake, and a discharge orifice of the flow switch is communicated with the outflow orifice. A top of the base is connected with one of two lids, the other lid is connected with the first socket and a second socket, and the other lid accommodates a control panel. The number of the anode sheet(s) is n which is a natural number and n≥1. The number of the cathode sheets is n+1.

Disclosed herein are bubble-generating electrochemical reactors, as well as a reservoir system that comprises the same, used in a process for preparing a liquid agent medium comprising an oxidant effective for sanitizing, disinfecting, and/or cleaning an object.

An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

The method for forming a water sterilization electrode includes heating a conductive medium to an elevated temperature in a heating apparatus. The method further includes growing oxide nanostructures on the conductive medium at the elevated temperature by supplying one or more oxidizing gases to the heating apparatus. The method further includes ramping down from the elevated temperature at 2-30° C./min to a room temperature to form the water sterilization electrode having the oxide nanostructures on the conductive medium.

A resource treatment system for urine and feces separation and recovery in urine diversion dehydration toilets, includes a urine-faeces division toilet, a urine and gray water treatment system, and a fermentation and biodegradation fecal system. The urine-faeces division toilet is configured to separate and recover urine and feces discharged by users. The urine and gray water treatment system includes an adjusting pool, a microalgae culture device and a metal-based electrogenerated dynamic membrane. The adjusting pool is configured to receive the urine in the urine-faeces division toilet and domestic sewage, and adjust a urine-to-domestic sewage ratio. The metal-based electrogenerated dynamic membrane includes a metal microfiltration membrane, a stainless-steel mesh and a power supply. The fermentation and biodegradation fecal system includes a collection and adjusting device, a fermentation bed and a biodegradation chamber.

A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid includes a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase. The reactor vessel can have a gas injection port, a gas exit port, and a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location. A pulsed discharge power supply delivers a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creates a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location. A secondary electric field source is provided for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface. The secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species is also disclosed.

A process for removing oil and other organics, especially naphthalenic acid, is disclosed. The process involves use of electrical fields using electrodes in the device, inducing gas bubbles which force contaminants to the surface of the solutions to be skimmed off and recovered.