Methods of and systems for the destruction of per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in water are provided. The water treatment method includes a wet air oxidation (WAO) treatment step followed by an electro-oxidation treatment step. The disclosed methods and systems are capable of destroying PFAS present in water streams and/or adsorption media, including groundwater, drinking water, or industrial or municipal wastewater.

A low-carbon near zero emission process of industrial waste water, comprising: S1: entering industrial waste water into a pre-oxidation system to improve biodegradability of organics; S2: after treatment in the pre-oxidation unit, entering the waste water into an anaerobic biological treatment system, sodium chloride and sulfate is deeply removed and carbon sources in the waste water can be used to remove the sulfate and nitrate; S3: entering water output from the anaerobic biological treatment system into a membrane concentration system and membrane concentrated solution enters a nano-filtration salt fractionation system for salt fractionation; and S4: refluxing nano-filtration concentrate solution generated by the nano-filtration salt fractionation system to the anaerobic biologic treatment system for biological desulfurization, or synthesizing the nano-filtration concentrate solution to be sodium persulfate by electro chemical methods, and refluxing proportionately to a waste water pre-oxidation system for use in-situ.

Disclosed is a method, device, and/or system of effective water ozonation through an invertible ozonation cap attachable to a vessel and indicating treatment status. In one embodiment, a cap includes an electrode that generates ozone when both the electrode is exposed to the water and a current from a power source is applied to the electrode. The cap also includes an interior surface that exposes an anode of the electrode such that the water inside the vessel can contact the electrode when the cap is inverted, and such that the ozone gas rises through the water for increased ozonation effectiveness. The cap also includes a lighting element attached to the cap to illuminate the water inside the vessel for visible indication of generation of the ozone. The lighting element automatically illuminates the water upon activation of the electrode. The cap includes a timer that when expiring stops the current.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes a stacked body in which a conductive membrane is interposed between a cathode and an anode constituting electrodes, an electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and a housing in which the electrolytic part is disposed. The housing includes a flow path in which a liquid flowing direction intersects a stacking direction of the stacked body. The electrolytic part includes a slot open to the flow path in which a part of the interface between the conductive membrane and the electrode is exposed. In the housing, a positioning member is disposed, and the positioning member positions the electrode.

Proposed are an ozone generating electrode, a method of manufacturing the same, and a method of producing ozone using the same. The ozone generating electrode includes a support including a metal, a catalyst layer positioned on one surface or both surfaces of the support, and a coating layer positioned on the catalyst layer and including a metal oxide. The ozone generating electrode is energy efficient, stable, and provides a high concentration of ozone to a water system. In addition, when water treatment is performed with the ozone generating electrode of the present invention, it is possible to more effectively decompose pollutants during water treatment and to reduce the electrode replacement cycle, thereby reducing water treatment operation time and cost.

An electrolytic reactor and process for decontaminating wastewater containing emerging contaminants, such as medicament residues or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. The contaminated wastewater is circulated through one or several reactors for electro-oxidizing and degrading the contaminants. Each reactor comprises an enclosure, an electrode assembly comprising first and second current distribution circuits, a first group of N electrodes connected to the first current distribution circuit, and a second group of N electrodes connected to the second current distribution circuit. According to the polarity of the current provided to the electrodes, the electrodes of the first group form anodes whereas the electrodes of the second group forms cathodes, and vice versa. The electrodes are preferably dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The reactor and process described herein allow removal of multiple emerging contaminants simultaneously, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint through lower power consumption.

Copper-boron-ferrite (CuBFe) composites may be prepared and immobilized on graphite electrodes in a silica-based sol-gel, e.g., from rice husks. Different bimetallic loading ratios can produce fast in-situ electrogeneration of reactive oxygen species, H.sub.2O.sub.2 and .Math.OH, e.g., via droplet flow-assisted heterogeneous electro-Fenton reactor system. Loading ratios of, e.g., 10 to 30 wt. % Fe.sup.3+ and 5 to 15% wt. Cu.sup.2+, can improve the catalytic activities towards pharmaceutical beta blockers (atenolol and propranolol) degradation in water. Degradation efficiencies of at least 99.9% for both propranolol and atenolol in hospital wastewater were demonstrated. Radicals of .Math.OH in degradation indicate a surface mechanism at inventive cathodes with correlated contributions of iron and copper. Copper and iron can be embedded in porous graphite electrode surface and catalyze the conversion of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to .Math.OH to enhance the degradation. Inventive cathodes can be stable catalytically after 20 or more cycles under neutral and acidic conditions.

Copper-boron-ferrite (CuBFe) composites may be prepared and immobilized on graphite electrodes in a silica-based sol-gel, e.g., from rice husks. Different bimetallic loading ratios can produce fast in-situ electrogeneration of reactive oxygen species, H.sub.2O.sub.2 and .Math.OH, e.g., via droplet flow-assisted heterogeneous electro-Fenton reactor system. Loading ratios of, e.g., 10 to 30 wt. % Fe.sup.3+ and 5 to 15% wt. Cu.sup.2+, can improve the catalytic activities towards pharmaceutical beta blockers (atenolol and propranolol) degradation in water. Degradation efficiencies of at least 99.9% for both propranolol and atenolol in hospital wastewater were demonstrated. Radicals of .Math.OH in degradation indicate a surface mechanism at inventive cathodes with correlated contributions of iron and copper. Copper and iron can be embedded in porous graphite electrode surface and catalyze the conversion of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to .Math.OH to enhance the degradation. Inventive cathodes can be stable catalytically after 20 or more cycles under neutral and acidic conditions.

Copper-boron-ferrite (CuBFe) composites may be prepared and immobilized on graphite electrodes in a silica-based sol-gel, e.g., from rice husks. Different bimetallic loading ratios can produce fast in-situ electrogeneration of reactive oxygen species, H.sub.2O.sub.2 and .Math.OH, e.g., via droplet flow-assisted heterogeneous electro-Fenton reactor system. Loading ratios of, e.g., 10 to 30 wt. % Fe.sup.3+ and 5 to 15% wt. Cu.sup.2+, can improve the catalytic activities towards pharmaceutical beta blockers (atenolol and propranolol) degradation in water. Degradation efficiencies of at least 99.9% for both propranolol and atenolol in hospital wastewater were demonstrated. Radicals of .Math.OH in degradation indicate a surface mechanism at inventive cathodes with correlated contributions of iron and copper. Copper and iron can be embedded in porous graphite electrode surface and catalyze the conversion of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to .Math.OH to enhance the degradation. Inventive cathodes can be stable catalytically after 20 or more cycles under neutral and acidic conditions.

Copperboronferrite (CuBFe) composites may be prepared and immobilized on graphite electrodes in a silica-based sol-gel, e.g., from rice husks. Different bimetallic loading ratios can produce fast in-situ electrogeneration of reactive oxygen species, H.sub.2O.sub.2 and .sup.OH, e.g., via droplet flow-assisted heterogeneous electro-Fenton reactor system. Loading ratios of, e.g., 10 to 30 wt. % Fe.sup.3+ and 5 to 15% wt. Cu.sup.2+, can improve the catalytic activities towards pharmaceutical beta blockers (atenolol and propranolol) degradation in water. Degradation efficiencies of at least 99.9% for both propranolol and atenolol in hospital wastewater were demonstrated. Radicals of .sup.OH in degradation indicate a surface mechanism at inventive cathodes with correlated contributions of iron and copper. Copper and iron can be embedded in porous graphite electrode surface and catalyze the conversion of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to .sup.OH to enhance the degradation. Inventive cathodes can be stable catalytically after 20 or more cycles under neutral and acidic conditions.