A fire-resistant pane including at least one float glass pane with a tin bath side, at least one protective layer that is arranged on the tin bath side in a planar manner, and at least one fire-resistant layer that is arranged on the protective layer in a planar manner, wherein the protective layer contains metal oxide, metal nitride, metal silicide, and/or mixtures or layered compounds thereof.

The present invention relates to a fire-resistant pane, including at least one float glass pane with a tin bath side and at least one protective layer that is arranged on the tin bath side in a planar manner, wherein the float glass pane and the protective layer are thermally tempered or partially tempered together. At least one alkaline fire-resistant layer is arranged on the protective layer in a planar manner. The protective layer contains metal oxide, metal nitride, and/or mixtures or layered compounds thereof. At least one edge sealing is arranged directly on the protective layer.

Disclosed herein is a transparent photothermal composition, which includes nonstoichiometric copper sulfide (Cu.sub.2-xS, 0<x1) nanoparticles dispersed in an acrylic resin, wherein the Cu.sub.2-xS (0<x1) nanoparticles are nanorods independently having an aspect ratio ranged from 2.2 to 3.6 and exhibit at least 95% absorption of a near-infrared (NIR) light ranged from 800 to 1,100 nm. Also disclosed herein are methods of producing the transparent photothermal composition and uses of the transparent photothermal composition in protecting a glass substrate from icing in a cold surrounding.