Glasses containing silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) and/or boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) as glass formers and having a refractive index n.sub.d of greater than or equal to 1.80, as measured at 587.56 nm, a density of less than or equal to 5.5 g/cm.sup.3, as measured at 25? C., and a high transmittance to, particularly to blue light, are provided. Optionally, the glasses may be characterized by a high transmittance in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum and/or good glass forming ability.

The present invention provides a glass fiber composition, glass fiber and composite material therefrom. The glass fiber composition comprises the following components expressed as percentage by weight: 58-63% SiO.sub.2, 13-17% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 6-11.8% CaO, 7-11% MgO, 3.05-8% SrO, 0.1-2% Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Li.sub.2O, 0.1-1% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-1% CeO.sub.2 and 0-2% TiO.sub.2, wherein a weight percentage ratio C1=(MgO+SrO)/CaO is greater than 1. Said composition greatly improves the refractive index of glass, significantly shields against harmful rays for humans and further reduces glass crystallization risk and production costs, thereby making it more suitable for large-scale production with refractory-lined furnaces.

A method is provided for producing a glass ceramic element with a patterned coating is provided. The method includes: providing a glass ceramic element with a coating which is at least partially light-blocking and preferably opaque in the visible spectral range; irradiating the glass ceramic element with a pulsed laser beam on the face provided with the coating so that the coating is removed by ablation; during irradiating the laser beam is directed over the surface of the glass ceramic element so that a portion of the coating is removed which has a greater lateral extent than the diameter of the laser beam; and once the coating has been removed, irradiating the glass ceramic with the laser in the region where the coating has been removed, thereby optically modifying the glass ceramic in the irradiated region.

Composites comprising glass compositions and, in particular embodiments, glass fibers. Embodiments of the present invention relate to composite comprising a recycled material and a glass fiber. Additional embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for improving the properties of composites.

A device for manufacturing SiO.sub.2TiO.sub.2 based glass by growing a glass ingot upon a target by a direct method. The device includes the target, comprising a thermal storage portion that accumulates heat by being preheated, and a heat insulating portion that suppresses conduction of heat from the thermal storage portion in a direction opposite to the glass ingot.

Embodiments relate to a glass composition which can allow for realizing beautiful bluish green colors therein even upon the use of a trace amount of a colorant such as Ti, Co, and Cr, securing high visible light transmittance suitable for window glass, and effectively reducing transmittance of solar heat radiation to help reduce a cooling load in buildings and vehicles.

On an EUV light-reflecting surface of titania-doped quartz glass, an angle () included between a straight line connecting an origin (O) at the center of the reflecting surface to a birefringence measurement point (A) and a fast axis of birefringence at the measurement point (A) has an average value of more than 45 degrees. Since fast axes of birefringence are distributed in a concentric fashion, a titania-doped quartz glass substrate having a high flatness is obtainable which is suited for use in the EUV lithography.

A method for manufacturing an SiO.sub.2TiO.sub.2 based glass upon a target by a direct method, includes: an ingot growing step of growing an SiO.sub.2TiO.sub.2 based glass ingot having a predetermined length on the target by flame hydrolysis by feeding a silicon compound and a titanium compound into an oxyhydrogen flame, wherein the ingot growing step includes: a first step of increasing a ratio of a feed rate of the titanium compound to a feed rate of the silicon compound as the SiO.sub.2TiO.sub.2 based glass ingot grows until the ratio reaches a predetermined value; and a second step of gradually growing the SiO.sub.2TiO.sub.2 based glass ingot after the ratio has reached the predetermined value in the first stage with keeping the ratio within a predetermined range.

Disclosed is a mask blank substrate for use in lithography, wherein the main surface on which the transfer pattern of the substrate is formed has a root mean square roughness (Rms) of not more than 0.15 nm obtained by measuring an area of 1 m1 m with an atomic force microscope, and has a power spectrum density of not more than 10 nm.sup.4 at a spatial frequency of not less than 1 m.sup.1.

Near-infrared shielding includes a glass material. The shielding provides transmittance at wavelengths between 390 to 700 nm, but near infrared absorbing species are distributed throughout the glass material and the shielding blocks light in the near infrared range. Further, the glass material has a near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, allowing the glass material to heat up when the shielding is blocking a near infrared laser, without expanding much.