The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

A method for forming fluorite from a F.sup.-containing aqueous fluid, the method comprising: contacting a bioactive glass comprising calcium with the F.sup.-containing aqueous fluid; and forming the fluorite. A filter media, and filter containing the filter media, for forming fluorite from a F.sup.-containing aqueous fluid, the filter media comprising: a bioactive glass comprising calcium; and at least one of sand, gravel, charcoal, polymer particles, and ceramic particles.

Provided are a window and a display device including the window. The window may include a base layer having a refractive index of about of 1.6 to about 2.0, a first layer on an upper side of the base layer and having a refractive index lower than that of the base layer, a second layer on an upper side of the first layer, a middle adhesive layer between the first layer and the second layer, and a print layer on a lower side of the base layer.

A ceramic-like structure includes: a transparent substrate; an ink layer; and a ceramic-like film layer. The ceramic-like film layer is disposed between the transparent substrate and the ink layer, and includes a first high-refractive-index material layer, a first low-refractive-index material layer, a second high-refractive-index material layer, and a second low-refractive-index material layer that are stacked on each other. Refractive indexes of the first high-refractive-index material layer and the second high-refractive-index material layer are greater than about 2.3, and refractive indexes of the first low-refractive-index material layer and the second low-refractive-index material layer are less than about 1.6.

A coated optical component including a substrate comprising at least one surface and an atomic layer deposition coating deposited on the surface of the substrate, the atomic layer deposition coating comprising a first layer of lanthanum fluoride. The atomic layer deposition further coating including a carbon concentration of about 10,000 ppm or less, an oxygen concentration of about 10,000 ppm or less, and a sulfur concentration of about 500 ppm or less.

The present invention aims to provide a vehicular exterior member that is excellent in strength and cost, and sufficiently ensures a viewing field of sharpness of a thermal image obtained by a far-infrared camera. A vehicular exterior member that includes a light blocking region and is configured to be attached to a vehicle equipped with a far-infrared camera. The vehicular exterior member further includes, in the light blocking region, a far-infrared ray transmitting region having an opening and a far-infrared ray transmitting member disposed in the opening. An average transmittance of far-infrared rays having a wavelength ranging from 8 to 13 m of the far-infrared ray transmitting member is equal to or larger than 25%. A length of the longest straight line in straight lines connecting any desired two points on a surface on a vehicle exterior side of the far-infrared ray transmitting member is equal to or smaller than 80 mm. A diameter of the largest circle in circles formed in a projected shape obtained by projecting the far-infrared ray transmitting member in an optical axis direction of the far-infrared camera is equal to or larger than 12 mm. An average thickness of the far-infrared ray transmitting member is equal to or larger than 1.5 mm.

A window according to one or more embodiments of the disclosure includes a base layer, a first layer on the base layer, a second layer below the base layer, a third layer on the first layer, and a fourth layer on the third layer, each of the first layer and the second layer including a magnesium oxide (e.g., MgO), a magnesium fluoride (e.g., MgF.sub.2), and an yttrium oxyfluoride (e.g., YOF). In addition, a display device and an electronic device including the window are also provided.

A proposed fabrication technique for a polarization-absorbing wire grid polarizer avoids the need to etch through the multilayer stack of materials to form the grid structure. Initial reflective metal and dielectric buffer layers are patterned and etched in a conventional manner to create the desired grid topology. A small-angle coating process is then used to complete the fabrication process by first coating the top surface of the patterned dielectric with a polarization-absorbing metal. A second coating process is used to cover the created metal coating with a dielectric cladding material. Maintaining a small angle of incidence between the coating source and the wire grid structure ensures that top portions of the grid are suitably covered to create the desired multilayer wire configuration.