Provided is a cutting tool comprising a base body and a hard carbon film arranged on the base body, in which the hard carbon film includes an amorphous phase and a graphite phase, the degree of crystallinity of the hard carbon film is no more than 6.5%, and the degree of orientation of the graphite phase is no more than 6.

Provided is a cutting tool that can have a long tool life even when used to cut soft metals in particular. The cutting tool comprises a base body and a hard carbon film arranged on the base body, the hard carbon film includes an amorphous phase and a graphite phase, the density of the hard carbon film is no less than 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and no more than 3.5 g/cm.sup.3, the degree of crystallinity of the hard carbon film is no more than 6.5%, and the average coordination number of the amorphous phase is no less than 2.5 and no more than 4.

Provided is a cutting tool that can have a long tool life even when used to cut soft metals in particular. The cutting tool comprises a base body and a hard carbon film arranged on the base body, the hard carbon film includes an amorphous phase and a graphite phase, the density of the hard carbon film is no less than 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and no more than 3.5 g/cm.sup.3, the degree of crystallinity of the hard carbon film is no more than 6.5%, and the average coordination number of the amorphous phase is no less than 2.5 and no more than 4.

Thin films of precious metals such as platinum and gold have the required ability to withstand high temperatures, but in pure form can suffer from grain growth, agglomeration and dewetting at high temperature. Grain boundaries must therefore be pinned by alloying with other metals and/or by inclusion of non-metallic nanoparticles. While such bulk materials are known in the prior art, they have not existed previously as printable inks that can be deposited by additive manufacturing direct-write methods. These materials have been formulated for the first time as alloy and composite inks so that they may be applied by direct-write additive manufacturing techniques directly onto three-dimensional components or on high temperature substrates that can be adhered to complex components.

Thin films of precious metals such as platinum and gold have the required ability to withstand high temperatures, but in pure form can suffer from grain growth, agglomeration and dewetting at high temperature. Grain boundaries must therefore be pinned by alloying with other metals and/or by inclusion of non-metallic nanoparticles. While such bulk materials are known in the prior art, they have not existed previously as printable inks that can be deposited by additive manufacturing direct-write methods. These materials have been formulated for the first time as alloy and composite inks so that they may be applied by direct-write additive manufacturing techniques directly onto three-dimensional components or on high temperature substrates that can be adhered to complex components.

A method of protecting a part made of carbon-including composite material against oxidation, the method including a) applying a coating composition on at least a portion of the outside surface of the part, the coating composition being in the form of an aqueous suspension including: a metallic phosphate; a powder of a compound comprising titanium; and a B.sub.4C powder; and b) applying heat treatment to the coating composition applied during step a) with a treatment temperature lying in the range 330° C. to 730° C. being imposed during the heat treatment in order to obtain a coating on the outside surface of the part, the coating including a first phase in which the metallic phosphate is in crystalline form and a second phase in which the metallic phosphate is in amorphous form.

A method of protecting a part made of carbon-including composite material against oxidation, the method including a) applying a coating composition on at least a portion of the outside surface of the part, the coating composition being in the form of an aqueous suspension including: a metallic phosphate; a powder of a compound comprising titanium; and a B.sub.4C powder; and b) applying heat treatment to the coating composition applied during step a) with a treatment temperature lying in the range 330° C. to 730° C. being imposed during the heat treatment in order to obtain a coating on the outside surface of the part, the coating including a first phase in which the metallic phosphate is in crystalline form and a second phase in which the metallic phosphate is in amorphous form.

The present disclosure provides a ceramic heat generation body and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic heat generation body includes a ceramic rod matrix, and electronic paste is printed on a surface of the ceramic rod matrix in a decalcomania manner. The preparation method includes printing the electronic paste on the ceramic rod matrix in the decalcomania manner In addition, the present disclosure further provides a use of the ceramic heat generation body in a heater for novel tobacco products.

A method comprises discharging from a metal vaporization device a vapor of a metal or a metal precursor to a chemical vapor infiltration device where the chemical vapor infiltration device is in fluid communication with the metal vaporization device. The chemical vapor infiltration device contains a preform containing ceramic fibers. The preform is infiltrated with a metallic coating or a coating of a metallic precursor along with a ceramic precursor coating. The metallic coating and/or the metallic precursor coating and the ceramic precursor coating are applied sequentially or simultaneously.

A method comprises discharging from a metal vaporization device a vapor of a metal or a metal precursor to a chemical vapor infiltration device where the chemical vapor infiltration device is in fluid communication with the metal vaporization device. The chemical vapor infiltration device contains a preform containing ceramic fibers. The preform is infiltrated with a metallic coating or a coating of a metallic precursor along with a ceramic precursor coating. The metallic coating and/or the metallic precursor coating and the ceramic precursor coating are applied sequentially or simultaneously.