A surface-coated boron nitride sintered body tool is provided, in which at least a cutting edge portion includes a cubic boron nitride sintered body and a coating film formed on a surface of the cubic boron nitride sintered body. The coating film includes an A layer and a B layer. The A layer is formed of columnar crystals each having a particle size of 10 nm or more and 400 nm or less. The B layer is formed of columnar crystals each having a particle size of 5 nm or more and 70 nm or less. The B layer is formed by alternately stacking two or more compound layers having different compositions. The compound layers each have a thickness of 0.5 nm or more and 300 nm or less.

A cBN sintered body has 40%-85% cBN by volume and 15% to 60% binder phase by volume. and inevitable impurities. The binder phase has an Al compound including Al and at least one element selected from N, O and B, and a Zr compound including Zr and at least one element selected from C, N, O and B. The Zr compound includes ZrO, or ZrO and ZrO.sub.2. In an X-ray diffraction, where a peak intensity of a (111) plane of the ZrO is I.sub.1, a peak intensity of a (101) plane of tetragonal ZrO.sub.2 is I.sub.2t and a peak intensity of a (111) plane of cubic ZrO.sub.2 is I.sub.2c, a ratio of the intensity of I.sub.1 to total intensities of I.sub.1, I.sub.2t and I.sub.2c is 0.6-1.0, and an average grain size of the Al compound is 80 nm-300 nm.

Multi-step milling processes to prepare cBN composite powder forms a first powder mixture by adding a binder and a first cBN component, mills the first powder mixture for a first time period, combines a second cBN component with the milled first powder mixture to form a second powder mixture, and mills the second powder mixture for a second time period (less than the first time period) to form the cBN composite powder. A ratio of the D50 value of the second cBN component to the D50 value of the first cBN component is at least 3.0. Two-step milling with different milling times for the two cBN component fractions controls the amount of mill debris in the cBN composite powder mixture. Further processing of the cBN composite powder under HPHT conditions forms a cBN-based ceramic with an average value of a cBN particle free diameter of less than 2.0 microns.

A cBN sintered material comprising cBN particles and a binder phase, in which the binder phase contains AlN and AlB.sub.2, a content proportion of cBN particles is 70 to 97 vol %, cBN sintered material has a volume resistivity up to 5×10.sup.−3 Ωcm, a rate of a peak intensity derived from Al with respect to a peak intensity derived from cBN particles is less than 1.0%, cBN particles include fine particles and coarse particles, coarse particles optionally include ultra-coarse particles, with respect to the entire cBN particles, a content proportion α of fine particles is from 10 vol %, a content proportion β of coarse particles is from 30 vol %, a content proportion γ of ultra-coarse particles is 25 vol % or less, and a total of the content proportion α of fine particles and the content proportion β of coarse particles is 50 to 100 vol %.

cubic boron nitride sintered material including 90.0% by mass or more and 99.5% by mass or less of cubic boron nitride and 0.5% by mass or more and 10.0% by mass or less of silicon, wherein the cubic boron nitride sintered material has a total content of the cubic boron nitride and the silicon of 94.0% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.

A cubic boron nitride-based sintered material includes cubic boron nitride particles of 70 to 95 vol %, in which in a structure of a cross-section of the sintered material, a binder phase with a width of 1 nm to 30 nm is present between the adjacent cubic boron nitride particles, the binder phase being made of a compound containing at least Al, B, and N and having a ratio of an oxygen content to an Al content of 0.1 or less in terms of atomic ratio.

An injection system comprises a fluid control member and a reciprocating member; wherein the fluid control member is configured to form a carbon composite-to-metal seal with the reciprocating member in response to application of a compressive force; the carbon composite comprising carbon and a binder containing one or more of the following: SiO.sub.2; Si; B; B.sub.2O.sub.3; a filler metal; or an alloy of the filler metal, and the filler metal comprising one or more of the following: aluminum; copper; titanium; nickel; tungsten; chromium; iron; manganese; zirconium; hafnium; vanadium; niobium; molybdenum; tin; bismuth; antimony; lead; cadmium; or selenium.

Hexavalent chromium-free slurries are provided that are capable of achieving a full cure at temperatures as low as 330-450 degrees F., thus making the coatings especially suitable for application on temperature sensitive base materials. The slurries are suitable in the production of protective coating systems formed by novel silicate-based basecoats that are sealed with novel phosphate-based topcoats. The coating systems exhibit acceptable corrosion and heat resistance and are capable of replacing traditional chromate-containing coating systems.

A method of producing, from a continuous or discontinuous (e.g., chopped) carbon fiber, partially to fully converted metal carbide fibers. The method comprises reacting a carbon fiber material with at least one of a metal or metal oxide source material at a temperature greater than a melting temperature of the metal or metal oxide source material (e.g., where practical, at a temperature greater than the vaporization temperature of the metal or metal oxide source material). Additional methods, various forms of carbon fiber, metal carbide fibers, and articles including the metal carbide fibers are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are compounds, methods, and tools which comprise tungsten borides and mixed transition metal borides.