The invention generally involves combining specialty amines with herbicidal carboxylic acids to form a new generation of salts with improved characteristics. The salts contain a cation of an amine and an anion of a carboxylic acid herbicide. The amine is advantageously selected from mono-isobutylamine (MIBA), N-methylaminoethanol (MMEA), dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA), 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 1,2-diaminopropane (1,2-DAP). The amine-herbicide combinations may possess one or more improved characteristics, including maximum loading, wettability, drift, viscosity, and volatilization.

The invention generally involves combining specialty amines with herbicidal carboxylic acids to form a new generation of salts with improved characteristics. The salts contain a cation of an amine and an anion of a carboxylic acid herbicide. The amine is advantageously selected from mono-isobutylamine (MIBA), N-methylaminoethanol (MMEA), dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA), 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 1,2-diaminopropane (1,2-DAP). The amine-herbicide combinations may possess one or more improved characteristics, including maximum loading, wettability, drift, viscosity, and volatilization.

An object of the present invention is to provide an n-type thermoelectric conversion layer, which has a high power factor and exhibits excellent performance stability, a thermoelectric conversion element including the n-type thermoelectric conversion layer, and a composition for forming an n-type thermoelectric conversion layer used in the n-type thermoelectric conversion layer. The n-type thermoelectric conversion layer of the present invention contains carbon nanotubes and an amine compound which is represented by General Formula (1) or (2) and has a ClogP value of 2.0 to 8.2.

##STR00001##

An organic salt of the present disclosure contains terephthalic acid and at least one kind of primary alkylamine. An alkyl group constituting the primary alkylamine has 6 or more and 17 or less carbon atoms. The organic salt of the present disclosure can be used to detect a hydroxy radical contained in a gas, for example. The present disclosure provides: an organic salt that makes it possible to detect a hydroxy radical more easily as well as to detect a hydroxy radical generated in a living body; and a hydroxy-radical sensor adopting the organic salt.

An organic salt of the present disclosure contains terephthalic acid and at least one kind of primary alkylamine. An alkyl group constituting the primary alkylamine has 6 or more and 17 or less carbon atoms. The organic salt of the present disclosure can be used to detect a hydroxy radical contained in a gas, for example. The present disclosure provides: an organic salt that makes it possible to detect a hydroxy radical more easily as well as to detect a hydroxy radical generated in a living body; and a hydroxy-radical sensor adopting the organic salt.

Methods for producing a compound of Formula I, Formula I, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a i) linear or branched or cyclic, ii) saturated or unsaturated, and iii) substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group comprising 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbon group; n is an integer from 2 to 5, m is an integer from 30 to 70, and L is a linker. The method includes: a) contacting a fatty acid having a chemical formula of R.sup.1COOH and a primary amine having a chemical formula of R.sup.2NH.sub.2 to form an amide having a chemical formula of R.sup.1C(O)NHR.sup.2; b) contacting the amide with a reducing agent to form a secondary amine having a chemical formula of R.sup.1CH.sub.2NHR.sup.2; and c) contacting the secondary amine with a polyolefin-glycol compound to form the compound of Formula I. Intermediates produced in the method, salts of compound of Formula I and of intermediates.

##STR00001##

Methods for producing a compound of Formula I, Formula I, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a i) linear or branched or cyclic, ii) saturated or unsaturated, and iii) substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group comprising 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbon group; n is an integer from 2 to 5, m is an integer from 30 to 70, and L is a linker. The method includes: a) contacting a fatty acid having a chemical formula of R.sup.1COOH and a primary amine having a chemical formula of R.sup.2NH.sub.2 to form an amide having a chemical formula of R.sup.1C(O)NHR.sup.2; b) contacting the amide with a reducing agent to form a secondary amine having a chemical formula of R.sup.1CH.sub.2NHR.sup.2; and c) contacting the secondary amine with a polyolefin-glycol compound to form the compound of Formula I. Intermediates produced in the method, salts of compound of Formula I and of intermediates.

##STR00001##

A lubricating agent including an ionic liquid formed from a Bronsted acid (HX) and a Bronsted base (B), wherein the Bronsted base has a linear hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms and the difference between the pKa value of the Bronsted acid in water and the pKa value of the Bronsted base in water is 12 or more.

There is disclosed a process for the production of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain keto fatty acid with hydroxylamine or subjecting keto fatty acid to an ammoximation reaction to yield an oxime fatty acid; (2) subjecting the oxime fatty acid to the Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of two amide fatty acids; (3) hydrolyzing the mixed amide fatty acids to produce long chain amino acid, long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkylamine, and alkanoic acid.

There is disclosed a process for the production of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain keto fatty acid with hydroxylamine or subjecting keto fatty acid to an ammoximation reaction to yield an oxime fatty acid; (2) subjecting the oxime fatty acid to the Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of two amide fatty acids; (3) hydrolyzing the mixed amide fatty acids to produce long chain amino acid, long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkylamine, and alkanoic acid.