There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) mixing the mixed amide derivatives with an aqueous solution of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide in the presence or absence of solvent or catalyst; (2) subjecting the solution or suspension of step (1) to an hydrolysis reaction; and (3) recovering excess ammonia and solvent in the presence of solvent in step (1) by evaporation to provide a mixture of long chain amino acid and alkylamine or ammonium salts of long chain dibasic acid and alkanoic acid.

There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) mixing the mixed amide derivatives with an aqueous solution of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide in the presence or absence of solvent or catalyst; (2) subjecting the solution or suspension of step (1) to an hydrolysis reaction; and (3) recovering excess ammonia and solvent in the presence of solvent in step (1) by evaporation to provide a mixture of long chain amino acid and alkylamine or ammonium salts of long chain dibasic acid and alkanoic acid.

A lubricating agent including an ionic liquid formed from a Bronsted acid (HX) and a Bronsted base (B), wherein the Bronsted base has a linear hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms and the difference between the pKa value of the Bronsted acid in water and the pKa value of the Bronsted base in water is 12 or more.

Provided are a water-soluble triarylphosphine for a palladium catalyst, which has high selectivity in a telomerization reaction and can be recovered with efficiency, an ammonium salt thereof, and a method for efficiently producing the same. Specifically, provided are bis(6-methyl-3-sulphophenyl)phenylphosphine; a bis(6-methyl-3-sulphonatopheyl)phenylphosphine diammonium salt obtained by reacting the phosphine with a tertiary amine having a total of 3 to 27 carbon atoms in groups bonded to one nitrogen atom; and a method for producing the same.

Provided are a water-soluble triarylphosphine for a palladium catalyst, which has high selectivity in a telomerization reaction and can be recovered with efficiency, an ammonium salt thereof, and a method for efficiently producing the same. Specifically, provided are bis(6-methyl-3-sulphophenyl)phenylphosphine; a bis(6-methyl-3-sulphonatopheyl)phenylphosphine diammonium salt obtained by reacting the phosphine with a tertiary amine having a total of 3 to 27 carbon atoms in groups bonded to one nitrogen atom; and a method for producing the same.

There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) recovering alkylamine by distilling or by extracting with an extractant solvent; (2) adding an acid an extractant solvent to the aqueous solution of step (1) to form an acidic salt of long chain amino acid to extract long chain dibasic acid; (3) separating the mixture of step (2) into an aqueous phase and an extractant phase; (4) neutralizing the aqueous phase of step (3) with an alkali hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide to obtain a crystalline solid of long chain amino acid; (5) cooling the extractant phase of step (3) to crystallize the long chain dibasic acid and recovering the dibasic acid by solid-liquid separation; and (6) recovering the extractant solvent of step (5) and isolating the alkanoic acid by distillation.

There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) recovering alkylamine by distilling or by extracting with an extractant solvent; (2) adding an acid an extractant solvent to the aqueous solution of step (1) to form an acidic salt of long chain amino acid to extract long chain dibasic acid; (3) separating the mixture of step (2) into an aqueous phase and an extractant phase; (4) neutralizing the aqueous phase of step (3) with an alkali hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide to obtain a crystalline solid of long chain amino acid; (5) cooling the extractant phase of step (3) to crystallize the long chain dibasic acid and recovering the dibasic acid by solid-liquid separation; and (6) recovering the extractant solvent of step (5) and isolating the alkanoic acid by distillation.

There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) adding water and an extractant solvent to the aqueous suspension of an acid hydrolysis of the mixed amide derivatives to yield an aqueous solution and an extractant phase; (2) separating the mixture of step (1) into an aqueous phase containing the acid salt of long chain amino acid and alkylamine and an extractant phase containing long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities; (3) neutralizing the aqueous phase of step (2) with a basic agent to obtain a crystalline suspension of the long chain amino acid; (4) recovering the long chain amino acid by solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous mother liquor; and (5) in the extractant phase of step (2), separating the long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities.

There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) adding water and an extractant solvent to the aqueous suspension of an acid hydrolysis of the mixed amide derivatives to yield an aqueous solution and an extractant phase; (2) separating the mixture of step (1) into an aqueous phase containing the acid salt of long chain amino acid and alkylamine and an extractant phase containing long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities; (3) neutralizing the aqueous phase of step (2) with a basic agent to obtain a crystalline suspension of the long chain amino acid; (4) recovering the long chain amino acid by solid-liquid separation to yield an aqueous mother liquor; and (5) in the extractant phase of step (2), separating the long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkanoic acid, and impurities.

The invention relates to a co-crystal or salt comprising psilocybin and a co-former. The co-crystal or salt is useful in methods of treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from depression, anxiety, death anxiety, demoralization, adjustment disorders, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, desire for hastened death, cocaine-related disorders, opioid-related disorders and stimulant-related disorders in a patient. A kit comprising the co-crystal or salt is also described.