A method for producing a compound of a formula (3), including reacting a compound of a formula (1) with a compound of a formula (2) by using a tertiary alcohol and a base: ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a (C1-C4)alkyl, or a (C1-C4)alkoxy, the amount of the base used is 2.0-4.0 equivalents per 1 equivalent of the compound of formula (2), the amount of the tertiary alcohol used is 0.3-2.5 equivalents per 1 equivalent of the compound of formula (2), the base is a plurality of compounds comprising a lithium-containing base as a first compound, and a second compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydrides, alkali metal amides, alkoxides, alkyl metals, alkali metals, and organic bases, and the reaction is performed in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

A method for producing a compound of a formula (3), including reacting a compound of a formula (1) with a compound of a formula (2) by using a tertiary alcohol and a base: ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a (C1-C4)alkyl, or a (C1-C4)alkoxy, the amount of the base used is 2.0-4.0 equivalents per 1 equivalent of the compound of formula (2), the amount of the tertiary alcohol used is 0.3-2.5 equivalents per 1 equivalent of the compound of formula (2), the base is a plurality of compounds comprising a lithium-containing base as a first compound, and a second compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydrides, alkali metal amides, alkoxides, alkyl metals, alkali metals, and organic bases, and the reaction is performed in the presence of an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.

The present invention relates to indane derivatives of the formula (I) and mixtures thereof, wherein X is selected from groups of the formulae -A-NH2 or -A-(NAr.sub.2), wherein A is a chemical bond or phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkoxy; Ar is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, wherein two groups Ar bound to the same nitrogen atom may together with the nitrogen atom also form a fused ring system having 3 or more than 3 unsubstituted or substituted rings; and the variables R.sup.A, R.sup.B, Y, k, I, m, p, q and r are as defined in the claims and the description. The invention further relates to methods for preparing such compounds and their use in organic electronics, in particular as hole transport material or electron blocking material. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to indane derivatives of the formula (I) and mixtures thereof, wherein X is selected from groups of the formulae -A-NH2 or -A-(NAr.sub.2), wherein A is a chemical bond or phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl and C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkoxy; Ar is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, wherein two groups Ar bound to the same nitrogen atom may together with the nitrogen atom also form a fused ring system having 3 or more than 3 unsubstituted or substituted rings; and the variables R.sup.A, R.sup.B, Y, k, I, m, p, q and r are as defined in the claims and the description. The invention further relates to methods for preparing such compounds and their use in organic electronics, in particular as hole transport material or electron blocking material. ##STR00001##

The 9,9-spirobifluorene-based compounds and mixtures including 9,9-spirobifluorene compounds with crosslinkable functional groups and compounds with two or more thiol groups, can stabilize one or more underlying layers of the hole transporting layer and/or interlayer during liquid fabrication process of optoelectronic and/or photoelectrochemical devices. More particularly, the compounds are hole transport materials that include crosslinkable functional groups covalently bonded to 9,9-spirobifluorene hole transporting structure and mixtures including hole transporting crosslinkable 9,9-spirobifluorene and thiol derivatives, which may crosslink, such as by exposure to UV, visible light, and/or heat. Photovoltaic devices may employ these compounds and mixtures in crosslinked forms.

An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

An organic light-emitting medium including a pyrene derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a phenyl-substituted anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
wherein Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms.

An aromatic amine derivative represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, L, AR.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, k, m, and n are the same as defined in the specification, is useful as a material for an organic EL device and realizes an organic EL device with a high efficiency and a long lifetime even when driving it at a low voltage.

An aromatic amine derivative represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, L, AR.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, k, m, and n are the same as defined in the specification, is useful as a material for an organic EL device and realizes an organic EL device with a high efficiency and a long lifetime even when driving it at a low voltage.

The invention relates to 2,2,7,7-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxy-3-methylphenylamine)-9,9-spirofluorene, to a process for its preparation, and to its use as hole transport material for electronic or optoelectronic devices, especially for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.