The disclosure provides recording materials including aromatic substituted alkane-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed, including Formula I. When used in Bragg gratings applications, the monomers and polymers disclosed lead to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed derivatized monomers and polymers can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

Described herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to modulate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) activity.

Described herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to modulate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) activity.

An isocyanate production method is characterized by having: a carbamation step in which a carbonic acid ester, an inorganic acid salt of an amino acid derivative, and a basic compound are reacted to obtain a reaction mixture containing a carbamic acid ester derived from the carbonic acid ester, a hydroxy compound derived from the carbonic acid ester, and the carbonic acid ester; and a thermal decomposition step in which the carbamic acid ester is subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction to obtain an isocyanate.

An isocyanate production method is characterized by having: a carbamation step in which a carbonic acid ester, an inorganic acid salt of an amino acid derivative, and a basic compound are reacted to obtain a reaction mixture containing a carbamic acid ester derived from the carbonic acid ester, a hydroxy compound derived from the carbonic acid ester, and the carbonic acid ester; and a thermal decomposition step in which the carbamic acid ester is subjected to a thermal decomposition reaction to obtain an isocyanate.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel chemically activated water-soluble prodrug. The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (1), or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof (in the formula, A represents A-0; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are the same as or different from each other and each independently represent a hydroxyl group or OC(O)Y(C(R.sup.1A) (R.sup.1B))n-NHR.sup.2, where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are not simultaneously hydroxyl groups, n is 2, 3, or 4, Y represents an oxygen atom or NR.sup.4, R.sup.1A and R.sup.1B are the same as or different from each other and each independently represent a hydrogen atom, etc., and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, etc.; and R.sup.a to R.sup.d are optionally present, are the same as or different from each other, and each independently represent a hydrogen atom, etc.).

It is provided herein a benzobicycloalkane derivative, and a preparation method and use thereof. In particular, it is provided herein a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer or solvate thereof, a preparation method, and a use thereof in preparation of drugs for treating pain. ##STR00001##

A prodrug compound of cannabidiol (CBD), pharmaceutical composition thereof and methods of use thereof in patients in need.

A prodrug compound of cannabidiol (CBD), pharmaceutical composition thereof and methods of use thereof in patients in need.

It is provided herein a benzobicycloalkane derivative, and a preparation method and use thereof. In particular, it is provided herein a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer or solvate thereof, a preparation method, and a use thereof in preparation of drugs for treating pain.

##STR00001##