An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a -conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the -conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the -conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a -conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the -conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the -conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive film including a first electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a first electrically conductive layer and a second electroactive film including a second electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a second electrically conductive layer. At least one of the first electroactive film and the second electroactive film is capable of reversibly attenuating transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The first electroactive component can include a first oxidation state and at least a second oxidation state. An amount of the first electroactive component relative to the second electroactive component can be configured to limit formation of the second oxidation state of the first electroactive component.

An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive film including a first electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a first electrically conductive layer and a second electroactive film including a second electroactive component sequestered adjacent to a second electrically conductive layer. At least one of the first electroactive film and the second electroactive film is capable of reversibly attenuating transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The first electroactive component can include a first oxidation state and at least a second oxidation state. An amount of the first electroactive component relative to the second electroactive component can be configured to limit formation of the second oxidation state of the first electroactive component.

The present invention provides an improved hole transport material, manufacturing method and an electroluminescent device having a central core made of tetramethyldihydrophenazine. A structural formula of the hole transport material is:

##STR00001##

The present invention adjusts the structure of donor units to change a capability of providing electrons thereof, designs a hole transport material of a high mobility and reasonable wires, and the material improves the compounding efficiency.

The present invention provides an improved hole transport material, manufacturing method and an electroluminescent device having a central core made of tetramethyldihydrophenazine. A structural formula of the hole transport material is:

##STR00001##

The present invention adjusts the structure of donor units to change a capability of providing electrons thereof, designs a hole transport material of a high mobility and reasonable wires, and the material improves the compounding efficiency.

Provided are an arylamine compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

The present invention discloses a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material and application thereof in an organic electroluminescence device. The thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having the general structure of Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001## In Formula I and Formula II, R.sub.1 is a cyano, p is 1, 2 or 3, q is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1 or 2, n is 1 or 2, Ar.sub.1 is a phenyl substituted with one or more groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or phenyl, Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 are selected from the following groups: ##STR00002## ##STR00003## ##STR00004## ##STR00005##
and X is bromine or iodine. The present invention further discloses application of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material as a host material or a luminescent dye of a luminescent layer of an organic electroluminescence device.

The present invention discloses a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material and application thereof in an organic electroluminescence device. The thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is a compound having the general structure of Formula I or Formula II: ##STR00001## In Formula I and Formula II, R.sub.1 is a cyano, p is 1, 2 or 3, q is 1, 2 or 3, m is 1 or 2, n is 1 or 2, Ar.sub.1 is a phenyl substituted with one or more groups selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or phenyl, Ar.sub.2 and Ar.sub.3 are selected from the following groups: ##STR00002## ##STR00003## ##STR00004## ##STR00005##
and X is bromine or iodine. The present invention further discloses application of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material as a host material or a luminescent dye of a luminescent layer of an organic electroluminescence device.