A process for carboxylation of a furoate slurry to produce FDCA, especially 2,5-FDCA, includes the steps of: feeding a slurry containing a suspension fluid, furoate, a surfactant and an alkali metal carbonate to a carboxylation reactor; and feeding a flow of CO.sub.2 to the carboxylation reactor at flow conditions sufficient to suspend the slurry in the reactor and react the furoate with CO2 to form 2,5-FDCA. A fully integrated process is also disclosed.

A process for preparing and purifying a compound of Formula I is provided:

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thereof, wherein the subscript m is an integer of from 0 to 3; each R.sup.a is independently selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.3-C.sub.8)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, halogen, —OH, —OR.sup.1, —SH, —SR.sup.1, —S(O)R.sup.1, —S(O).sub.2R.sup.1, —SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, —C(O)NH.sub.2, —C(O)NHR.sup.1, —C(O)N(R.sup.1).sub.2, —C(O)R.sup.1, —C(O)H, —CO.sub.2H, —CO.sub.2R.sup.1, —NO.sub.2, —NH.sub.2, —NHR.sup.1, —N(R.sup.1).sub.2, wherein each R.sup.1 is independently (C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl; L is a linking group selected from the group consisting of a bond or CH.sub.2; Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, and Q.sup.c are each members independently selected from the group consisting of N, S, O and C(R.sup.q) wherein each R.sup.q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, halo and phenyl, and the ring having Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, Q.sup.c and Y as ring vertices is a five-membered ring having two double bonds; and
Y is selected from the group consisting of C and N.

A process for preparing and purifying a compound of Formula I is provided:

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thereof, wherein the subscript m is an integer of from 0 to 3; each R.sup.a is independently selected from the group consisting of (C.sub.3-C.sub.8)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)haloalkyl, halogen, —OH, —OR.sup.1, —SH, —SR.sup.1, —S(O)R.sup.1, —S(O).sub.2R.sup.1, —SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, —C(O)NH.sub.2, —C(O)NHR.sup.1, —C(O)N(R.sup.1).sub.2, —C(O)R.sup.1, —C(O)H, —CO.sub.2H, —CO.sub.2R.sup.1, —NO.sub.2, —NH.sub.2, —NHR.sup.1, —N(R.sup.1).sub.2, wherein each R.sup.1 is independently (C.sub.1-C.sub.8)alkyl; L is a linking group selected from the group consisting of a bond or CH.sub.2; Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, and Q.sup.c are each members independently selected from the group consisting of N, S, O and C(R.sup.q) wherein each R.sup.q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, halo and phenyl, and the ring having Q.sup.a, Q.sup.b, Q.sup.c and Y as ring vertices is a five-membered ring having two double bonds; and
Y is selected from the group consisting of C and N.

Thermal treatment of purified 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for producing a carboxylic acid composition, the process comprising the steps of providing or producing a thermal treatment composition comprising a purified carboxylic acid composition and a water containing treatment solvent composition; subjecting the thermal treatment composition to an elevated temperature, wherein the FDCA is partially dissolved, and cooling the treated composition and separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the treated composition to obtain a carboxylic acid composition.

Thermal treatment of purified 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for producing a carboxylic acid composition, the process comprising the steps of providing or producing a thermal treatment composition comprising a purified carboxylic acid composition and a water containing treatment solvent composition; subjecting the thermal treatment composition to an elevated temperature, wherein the FDCA is partially dissolved, and cooling the treated composition and separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the treated composition to obtain a carboxylic acid composition.

This invention relates to at least one copolyester comprising repeat units of the following structure: wherein R and R″ represent residues of at least one diol; and wherein R and R″ are not the same; wherein R′ comprises residues of at least one diacid or diester and wherein n represents number of repeat units; and/or copolyester precursors thereof, and methods of manufacture.

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This invention relates to at least one copolyester comprising repeat units of the following structure: wherein R and R″ represent residues of at least one diol; and wherein R and R″ are not the same; wherein R′ comprises residues of at least one diacid or diester and wherein n represents number of repeat units; and/or copolyester precursors thereof, and methods of manufacture.

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The disclosure features novel lipids and compositions involving the same. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) include a novel lipid as well as additional lipids such as phospholipids, structural lipids, and PEG lipids. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) further including therapeutic and/or prophylactics such as RNA are useful in the delivery of therapeutic and/or prophylactics to mammalian cells or organs to, for example, regulate polypeptide, protein, or gene expression.

The disclosure features novel lipids and compositions involving the same. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) include a novel lipid as well as additional lipids such as phospholipids, structural lipids, and PEG lipids. Lipid nanoparticles (e.g., empty LNPs or loaded LNPs) further including therapeutic and/or prophylactics such as RNA are useful in the delivery of therapeutic and/or prophylactics to mammalian cells or organs to, for example, regulate polypeptide, protein, or gene expression.

A nitrogen-containing ring derivative regulator, a preparation method therefor and use thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a compound as represented by general formula (I), a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound, and use thereof as a G protein-coupled receptor regulator in the treatment or prevention of central nervous system diseases and/or mental diseases.

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