The present invention relates to a two-stage hydroformylation process for producing pound of the formula (I) and to a process for producing a compound of the formula (V) comprising the two-stage hydroformylation process for producing a compound of the formula (I) followed by hydrogenation of the compound of the formula (I). ##STR00001##

Process to continuously prepare a cyclic carbonate product by reacting an epoxide compound with carbon dioxide in the presence of a supported dimeric aluminium salen complex which complex is activated by a halide compound comprising the following steps, (a) contacting carbon dioxide with the epoxide compound in a suspension of liquid cyclic carbonate and the supported dimeric aluminium salen complex which complex is activated by a halide compound, (b) separating part of the cyclic carbonate product from the supported dimeric aluminium salen complex, (c) separating the halide compound from the cyclic carbonate product to obtain purified cyclic carbonate product, (d) use all or part of the halide compound as obtained in step (c) to activate deactivated supported dimeric salen complex.

Process to continuously prepare a cyclic carbonate product by reacting an epoxide compound with carbon dioxide in the presence of a supported dimeric aluminium salen complex which complex is activated by a halide compound comprising the following steps, (a) contacting carbon dioxide with the epoxide compound in a suspension of liquid cyclic carbonate and the supported dimeric aluminium salen complex which complex is activated by a halide compound, (b) separating part of the cyclic carbonate product from the supported dimeric aluminium salen complex, (c) separating the halide compound from the cyclic carbonate product to obtain purified cyclic carbonate product, (d) use all or part of the halide compound as obtained in step (c) to activate deactivated supported dimeric salen complex.

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, intravenous, spray, parenteral, lozenge, solution, syrup, sachet, transdermal administration, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of inflammation or its associated complications.

The present invention relates to a two-stage hydroformylation process for producing pound of the formula (I) and to a process for producing a compound of the formula (V) comprising the two-stage hydroformylation process for producing a compound of the formula (I) followed by hydrogenation of the compound of the formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a two-stage hydroformylation process for producing pound of the formula (I) and to a process for producing a compound of the formula (V) comprising the two-stage hydroformylation process for producing a compound of the formula (I) followed by hydrogenation of the compound of the formula (I).

##STR00001##

Methods of making compounds of Formula I are disclosed: ##STR00001##

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, intravenous, spray, parenteral, lozenge, solution, syrup, sachet, transdermal administration, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of inflammation or its associated complications.

The present disclosure is directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of disorders associated with fluid retention or salt overload, such as heart failure (in particular, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, liver disease, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist-induced fluid retention. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of hypertension. The present disclosure is also directed to compounds and methods for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, including the treatment or reduction of pain associated with gastrointestinal tract disorders.

Disclosed are of the protected photoinitiators of the formula: wherein Aryl1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Aryl2 is an aromatic ring; each R.sup.1 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript a is 0 to 3; each R.sup.2 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript b is 0 to 3; Prot is a protected carbonyl group.

##STR00001##