An ablation electrode is mounted on the distal end of a catheter with a first portion inside and a second portion outside the catheter. The second portion is adapted to have a surface that makes maximum contact with a tissue to be ablated, leaving a minimum area not covered by the tissue and potentially exposed to blood. The first portion is adapted to provide an extended surface area for efficient exchange of heat with a coolant flowing inside the catheter. Outlets provided near the area not covered by the tissue in the second portion prevents blood from getting close to or come directly in contact with the area, thereby greatly reducing formation of dangerous blood clots. The minimizing of an electrical circuit through blood greatly reduces wasted power into the electrode so that the efficiently cooled electrode is not burdened. The catheter preferably has multiple electrodes with similar features.

Cardiac ablation catheters and methods of use. Catheters that include an expandable membrane, an imaging member disposed within the expandable membrane, the imaging member having a field of view, a light source disposed within the expandable member adapted to deliver light towards the field of view of the imaging member, and an electrode comprising an outer conductive layer and inner light absorbing layer disposed between the electrode and the expandable membrane, the inner light absorbing layer adapted to absorb light from the light source and thereby reduce reflection of the light from the outer conductive electrode.

Methods for treating a network of organs including generating a map of at least a portion of the network of organs using a rendering system; selecting at least one treatment location within the luminal passageway of the network of organs; and applying an energy therapy to the treatment location to treat the smooth muscle tissue, where the energy therapy applied to the respective treatment location is defined by a plurality of parameters that are associated with a map. Such a system allows for historical or ideal treatment parameters to be identified, visually or otherwise to actual treatment locations. Also, control systems and methods for delivery of energy that may include control algorithms that prevent energy delivery if a fault is detected and may provide energy delivery to produce a substantially constant temperature at a delivery site. In some embodiments, the control systems and methods may be used to control the delivery of energy, such as radiofrequency energy, to body tissue, such as lung tissue.

A power supply apparatus is for a treatment instrument including a probe having electrical conductivity which vibrates, a grasping member that is opened and closed with respect to the probe and an electrode provided in the grasping member. The power supply apparatus supplies high-frequency power between the probe and the electrode. The power supply apparatus includes a resistance acquisition circuit which repeatedly acquires a resistance value of electrical resistance between the probe and the electrode, a condition determination circuit which acquires the number of times the resistance value satisfies a predetermined condition while the probe is vibrating and power is supplied between the probe and the electrode, and a determination circuit which determines whether or not the probe and the electrode are electrically short-circuited based on the number of times.

An electrophysiology system comprises an ablation catheter, a radiofrequency generator, and a mapping processor. The ablation catheter has a tissue ablation electrode and a plurality of microelectrodes distributed about the circumference of the tissue ablation electrode and electrically isolated therefrom. The plurality of microelectrodes define a plurality of bipolar microelectrode pairs. The mapping processor is configured to acquire output signals from the bipolar microelectrode pairs, compare the output signals, and generate an output to a display providing a visual indication of a characteristic of the microelectrodes and the tissue ablation electrode relative to myocardial tissue to be mapped and/or ablated.

A method includes receiving locations of multiple ablation sites formed on a surface of a heart. Distances are measured among at least some of the ablation sites based on the locations. One or more gaps between the ablation sites, which meet an alerting criterion, are identified. The identified gaps are indicated to an operator.

A surgical system includes an end effector assembly having first and second jaw members, a generator, and one or more machine learning applications. The first and/or second jaw member is movable relative to the other from a spaced-apart position to an approximated position for grasping tissue therebetween. The jaw members are configured to conduct energy therebetween and through tissue grasped therebetween. The generator includes an energy output configured to supply energy to the jaw members, a main controller configured to control the energy output, and sensor circuity configured to sense impedance and/or power. The machine learning application(s) is configured to determine a type of tissue grasped between the first and second jaw members based upon the impedance and/or power sensed by the sensor circuitry.

The present invention relates to comprehensive systems and methods for delivering energy to tissue for a wide variety of applications, including medical procedures (e.g., tissue ablation, resection, cautery, vascular thrombosis, treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and dysrhythmias, electrosurgery, tissue harvest, etc.). In certain embodiments, systems and methods are provided for identifying and treating a target tissue region adjusting for ablation-related anatomical changes (e.g., tissue contraction).

In an example, an electrosurgical generator includes a power converter configured to convert a supply power received from a power source to an output power. The output power is suitable for delivering electrosurgical energy. The electrosurgical generator also includes a current sensor configured to sense a current of the output power and generate a logarithmic and analog representation of the current, and a voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the output power and generate a logarithmic and analog representation of the voltage. The electrosurgical generator further includes a controller configured to: (i) receive the logarithmic and analog representation of the current sensed by the current sensor, (ii) receive the logarithmic and analog representation of the voltage sensed by the voltage sensor, and (iii) adjust, based on the logarithmic and analog representation of the current and the voltage, a voltage

A control system for a cryogenic ablation system. The control system including an extracorporeal ultrasound sensor and a controller. The extracorporeal ultrasound sensor is configured to detect blood flow in a vein and generate an output signal indicative of blood flow velocity of the blood flow in the vein, and the controller is configured to receive the output signal and determine whether the vein has been occluded by a cryoablation balloon catheter.