A tethered system for cryogenic treatment is disclosed in which a hand piece having an elongate probe with a distal tip and a flexible length, at least one infusion lumen positioned through or along the elongate probe, and a liner may be tethered to a base station having a reservoir of a cryoablative fluid via a connection having an elongate flexible body. The connection defines at least one fluid lumen for delivery of the cryoablative fluid from the reservoir and to the infusion lumen within the hand piece.

A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve includes an energy source, a balloon, an energy guide, and an electrical analyzer assembly. The energy source generates energy. The balloon is positionable substantially adjacent to the treatment site. The balloon has a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid. The energy guide is configured to receive energy from the energy source and guide the energy into the balloon interior. The electrical analyzer assembly is configured to monitor a balloon condition during use of the catheter system. The electrical analyzer assembly can include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an impedance detector that is electrically coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode. The impedance detector is configured to detect impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A system is provided to detect a breach of an insulative sheath in a bipolar electrosurgical instrument the system including: a first pulse detection circuit to detect a first high frequency (HF) signal component of a HF signal conducted on a lead of the bipolar instrument; a second pulse detection circuit to detect a second HF signal component of the HF signal conducted on a conductive shield surrounding the lead; magnitude difference sampling logic to produce sample values indicative of magnitude difference between the first HF signal component and the second HF signal component; and current detection logic to detect current flow between the shield and anatomical tissue based upon the sample values.

Systems, devices, and methods for determining advancement of a surgical laser fiber in an endoscope and providing interlocking feedback for the surgical laser are disclosed. An exemplary method includes directing light from a distal end of an endoscope to a target, optically detecting an amount of the light reflected from the target, transmitting the optically detected amount of light through a laser fiber extending through a working channel of the endoscope, determining, based on the optically detected amount of light, a position of a distal end of the laser fiber relative to the distal end of the endoscope, and generating a control signal to the surgical laser system to adjust laser emission through the laser fiber.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to controlling electrical power of an electrotherapeutic signal that is provided to a biological tissue engaged by an electrosurgical instrument during a medical procedure. Electrical power—a product of a voltage difference across and an electrical current conducted by the engaged biological tissue—is controlled according to a therapeutic schedule. The electrotherapeutic schedule can be reduced or terminated in response to a termination criterion being met. In some examples, the termination criterion is a current characteristic, such as, for example, a decrease in current conducted by the engaged biological tissue. In some examples, the termination criterion is a biological tissue resistance characteristic, such as, for example, an increase in the biological tissue resistance that exceeds a predetermined delta resistance value.

The present invention is directed to a method of ablation. The method includes the steps of inserting a probe having an ablation electrode into a body of a living subject and urging the ablation electrode into a contacting relationship with a target tissue. A measurement of at least one electroanatomic parameter is made between the ablation electrode and the target tissue, and the measurement is haptically communicated to an operator. Responsively to the communicated measurement, ablating the target tissue using the ablation electrode.

A method, system, and device for electroporation. A system may include a medical device with a plurality of electrodes borne on an expandable element and an energy generator in communication with the electrodes. The energy generator may have processing circuitry configured to selectively deliver electroporation energy to at least one of the electrodes. The processing circuitry may determine whether an alert condition is present and, if so, cease the delivery of electroporation energy to one or more electrodes identified as the cause of the alert condition and/or prevent the delivery of electroporation energy to the one or more electrodes identified as the cause of the alert condition. The energy generator may also be configured to deliver electroporation energy in a sequence of a plurality of energy delivery patterns to enhance lesion formation.

In certain embodiments, a system for sensing occlusions in an optical system includes a first laser source configured to generate optical signals and a set of optical elements arranged to receive the optical signals from the first laser source and to direct the optical signals along a beam path. The system also includes a detector arranged to receive reflections of the optical signals traveling along at least a portion of the beam path and a control system communicably coupled to the detector. The control system is configured to detect, based on signals generated by the detector, reflection signals associated with the reflections of the optical signals, and disable a second laser source based on detection of the reflection signals.

The invention relates to a modular electrosurgical system for using electromagnetic (EM) radiation, such as radio frequency (RF) or microwave EM radiation, to treat biological tissue. In one example, control of the modules is centralised in a remote computing device which can communicate wirelessly with the modules of the system. In one example, different optional modules may be combined together with core modules to provide the system with different electrosurgical capabilities.

A catheter system for treating a treatment site within or adjacent to a vessel wall or a heart valve, includes a light source, a balloon, a light guide and an optical analyzer assembly. The light source generates first light energy. The balloon is positionable substantially adjacent to the treatment site. The balloon has a balloon wall that defines a balloon interior that receives a balloon fluid. The light guide receives the first light energy and guides the first light energy in a first direction from a guide proximal end toward a guide distal end positioned within the balloon interior. The optical analyzer assembly optically analyzes a second light energy from the light guide that moves in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. The optical analyzer assembly includes a safety shutdown system to inhibit the first light energy from being received by the guide proximal end of the light guide.