A hydroxamic acid-containing compound represented by formula I, and a preparation method, and a use thereof are provided. An inhibitory activity of the hydroxamic acid-containing compound on acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is evaluated by a biological experiment. The compound is further subjected to in vivo pharmacodynamic investigation, and the results show that the compound exhibits significant anti-depression and anti-atherosclerosis (AS) activities, which provides feasibility for the further development of an ASM inhibitor.

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A hydroxamic acid-containing compound represented by formula I, and a preparation method, and a use thereof are provided. An inhibitory activity of the hydroxamic acid-containing compound on acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is evaluated by a biological experiment. The compound is further subjected to in vivo pharmacodynamic investigation, and the results show that the compound exhibits significant anti-depression and anti-atherosclerosis (AS) activities, which provides feasibility for the further development of an ASM inhibitor.

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Provided are a 1,3-di-substituted ketene compound having a structure as represented by formula (I) and an application thereof. Such a type of compound primarily activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, and also activates PPPAδ and PPPAγ. The compound may be used to treat various diseases associated with PPAR regulation and control abnormality, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially in treating non-alcoholic hepatitis, and may potentially be used in the treatment of diseases comprising diabetes, obesity, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases (comprising heart failure, atherosclerosis, and so on), kidney diseases (comprising chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and so on), and brain degenerative diseases (comprising Alzheimer's disease and so on), having great application value. ##STR00001##

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPRX2 generally, or for treating a MRGPRX2 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPRX2 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having structure (I):

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, hydrate, solvate or isotope thereof, wherein A, B, C, D, E, G, W, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as the compounds themselves, are also provided.

Methods are provided for modulating MRGPRX2 generally, or for treating a MRGPRX2 dependent condition more specifically, by contacting the MRGPRX2 or administering to a subject in need thereof, respectively, an effective amount of a compound having structure (I):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, hydrate, solvate or isotope thereof, wherein A, B, C, D, E, G, W, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, as well as the compounds themselves, are also provided.

The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

The present invention relates to novel compounds, particularly to compounds comprising a photoactive unit, said novel compounds being particularly suitable for compositions and ophthalmic devices as well as to compositions and ophthalmic devices comprising such compounds.

The present invention relates to novel compounds, particularly to compounds comprising a photoactive unit, said novel compounds being particularly suitable for compositions and ophthalmic devices as well as to compositions and ophthalmic devices comprising such compounds.

This invention provides compounds, for example, of Formulae (A)-(H) and (J)-(AA) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, esters, amides, and prodrugs thereof. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle. The compounds and compositions disclosed herein are useful for treating or preventing various diseases and conditions, for example liver disease such as liver fibrosis, fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI).

The present invention is a sulfonium-salt-type polymerizable monomer represented by the following formula (1),

##STR00001## wherein “p” represents an integer of 1 to 3; R.sup.11 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.f represents a fluorine atom or a fluorine-atom-containing C1-6 group selected from alkyl, alkoxy, and sulfide; “q” represents an integer of 1 to 4; R.sup.ALU represents an acid-labile group; “r” represents an integer of 1 to 4; R.sup.12 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; “s” represents an integer of 0 to 4; “t” represents an integer of 0 to 2; R.sup.f and —O—R.sup.ALU are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms; and A-X.sup.− represents a non-nucleophilic counterion having a polymerizable group A. This provides: a monomer to yield a polymer; the polymer contained in a resist composition; the composition having excellent solvent-solubility, sensitivity, contrast, and lithographic performance, and hardly causing pattern collapse even with fine patterning; and a patterning process using the composition.