An additive for a non-aqueous solution of a lithium secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution including the same, and a lithium secondary battery include the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an additive is a compound represented by Formula 1. The additive may suppress dissolution of transition metal by forming a stable film on a surface of a positive electrode. A lithium secondary battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution having the additive has improved swelling and capacity characteristics at high voltage and during high-temperature storage because dissolution of metallic impurities causing failure in the battery is suppressed.

An intermediate compound is prepared and used for the synthesis of halichondrin B, eribulin or an analog thereof, particularly a structural fragment C27-C35 thereof. The starting materials of the synthetic route are readily available, and the optical purity of the starting materials can be ensured, so that the optical purity of the structural fragment C27-C35 in halichondrin B, eribulin or the analog thereof is ensured. Steps for constructing a chiral center of the structural fragment C27-C35 feature higher diastereoselectivity and yield, in particular preparation methods of compounds of formulae (X), (XI), (XVI) and (XV). By-products of partial reactions can be removed only by recrystallization, which results in easy purification and significant reduce in cost.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrolyte includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and at least one cyano silane-based compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formulae 1 to 3.

Aqueous antimicrobial coating compositions are disclosed comprising at least one organosilane homopolymer, present as a distribution of polymer chain lengths, and optionally at least one amine. A method of preparing an antimicrobial coating comprises coating a surface with the aqueous antimicrobial coating composition and allowing the composition to dry into a film that exhibits residual antimicrobial efficacy against microorganisms even after mechanical abrasion of the coating. The organosilane homopolymer may comprise only 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, mixtures of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol homopolymer, 3-chloropropylsilanetriol homopolymer and 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride homopolymer, or any one of various unique organosilane homopolymers having multiple amine functionality.

A method for bonding together two substrates includes providing a molecular glue including glue molecules, each of the glue molecules having at least two —O—Si or —O—Al moieties; reacting a surface of a first substrate with the molecular glue to attach the glue molecules to the surface of the first substrate by at least one of the —O—Si or —O—Al moieties; and reacting a surface of a second substrate with the molecular glue to attach the glue molecules to the surface of the second substrate by at least another one of the —O—Si or —O—Al moieties. The method can be used for a variety of applications including manufacturing a vapor cell.

Aromatic amides are described, having general formula (I): ##STR00001##
suitably substituted and having a high fungicidal activity, together with their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of important agricultural crops.

Described herein are liquid, organosilicon compounds that including a substituent that is a cyano (—CN), cyanate (—OCN), isocyanate (—NCO), thiocyanate (—SCN) or isothiocyanate (—NCS). The organosilicon compounds are useful in electrolyte compositions and can be used in any electrochemical device where electrolytes are conventionally used.

A complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R′.sub.2C—, —R′.sub.2C—CR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Si—, —R′.sub.2Si—SiR′.sub.2—, —R′.sub.2Ge—, wherein each R′ is independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20-hydrocarbyl .group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R′ groups taken together can form a ring; R.sup.2 and R.sup.2′ are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.5 is a —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R.sup.5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.5′ is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R.sup.6 and R.sup.6′ are each independently a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; —OC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group or —SC.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 and R.sup.1′ are independently —CH.sub.2R.sup.x wherein R.sup.x are each independently H, or a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.

A rubber composition is based on at least: a diene elastomer; a reinforcing inorganic filler; an agent for coupling the reinforcing inorganic filler with the diene elastomer, said coupling agent being an organofunctional silane comprising at least one oligomer of general formula (I), as described in the claims, bearing at least one blocked mercaptosilane unit and at least one mercaptosilane unit, a hydrocarbon-based resin predominantly composed of monomers chosen from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene and mixtures thereof, and a crosslinking system. A semi-finished article and a tire may comprise at least one such rubber composition.

The present disclosure relates to novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles, to processes for their preparation and to compositions comprising the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles. The disclosure also relates to the use of the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles in electrochemiluminescence based detection methods and in the in vitro detection of an analyte. In particular, the disclosure relates to methods for measuring an analyte by in vitro methods employing the novel multifunctionalized silicon nanoparticles.