Polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFAs) and their use as surfactants, methods of preparing, and compositions thereof are disclosed herein.

A method for preparing a phosphorus-containing ligand is provided, which includes: mixing a phosphorus chloride compound, polypyridine ionic liquid-loaded porous microspheres with a first organic solvent to obtain a first mixture, and mixing a compound in Formula (2) with a second organic solvent to obtain a second mixture,

##STR00001## wherein Z is a multivalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a multivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one substituent group, wherein the substituent group is selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkanoyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, cyano group, or nitro group, and n is an integer from 1 to 8; and mixing the first mixture with the second mixture to make the first mixture react with the second mixture to obtain a reaction mixture, removing generated HCl, filtrating to obtain a filter liquor, and treating the filter liquor to obtain the phosphorus-containing ligand.

Bisphosphites with a 3,4-dialkylphenol outer unit

Bisphosphites with a 3,4-dialkylphenol outer unit

Bisphosphites with a monoalkylphenol outer unit and the use thereof in hydroformylation.

Bisphosphites with a monoalkylphenol outer unit and the use thereof in hydroformylation.

Bisphosphites with a 2-phenylphenol outer unit and the use thereof in hydroformylation.

Bisphosphites with a 2-phenylphenol outer unit and the use thereof in hydroformylation.

This application relates to an organic compound, a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite film, a perovskite cell, and an electric apparatus. The organic compound includes: a cation M; and an anion Q bonded to the cation M; where M includes one or more of CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, CH.sub.5N.sub.2.sup.+, Cs.sup.+, and C.sub.2H.sub.5NH.sub.3.sup.+; and Q includes one or more of H.sub.2PO.sub.x.sup. and H.sub.2NO.sub.y.sup., where x and y are each independently an integer from 2 to 4.

This application relates to an organic compound, a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite film, a perovskite cell, and an electric apparatus. The organic compound includes: a cation M; and an anion Q bonded to the cation M; where M includes one or more of CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, CH.sub.5N.sub.2.sup.+, Cs.sup.+, and C.sub.2H.sub.5NH.sub.3.sup.+; and Q includes one or more of H.sub.2PO.sub.x.sup. and H.sub.2NO.sub.y.sup., where x and y are each independently an integer from 2 to 4.