The invention relates to bisphosphites having 2,4-tert-butylphenyl units and a method for the preparation thereof. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the compounds as ligands in a ligand-metal complex. The compound, and also the complex, may be used as a catalytically active composition in hydroformylation reactions.

The invention relates to bisphosphites having 2,4-tert-butylphenyl units and a method for the preparation thereof. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the compounds as ligands in a ligand-metal complex. The compound, and also the complex, may be used as a catalytically active composition in hydroformylation reactions.

The present invention relates to novel hardeners for curing epoxy resins and to cure accelerants for the accelerated curing of epoxy resins comprising, in each case, at least one compound from the group of esters of phosphorus-containing acids according to Formula (I), wherein there applies to Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein there applies to the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, X and indices m, n, p, simultaneously or independently of one another: R.sup.1, R.sup.2=simultaneously or independently of one another, hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.3=alkyl, aryl, O-alkyl, O-aryl, O-alkylaryl or O-arylalkyl, R.sup.6=hydrogen, alkyl or NHC(O)NR.sup.1R.sup.2, X=oxygen or sulphur, m=1, 2 or 3, n=0, 1 or 2, wherein there applies: m+n=3 p=0, 1 or 2.

The present invention relates to novel hardeners for curing epoxy resins and to cure accelerants for the accelerated curing of epoxy resins comprising, in each case, at least one compound from the group of esters of phosphorus-containing acids according to Formula (I), wherein there applies to Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein there applies to the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, X and indices m, n, p, simultaneously or independently of one another: R.sup.1, R.sup.2=simultaneously or independently of one another, hydrogen or alkyl, R.sup.3=alkyl, aryl, O-alkyl, O-aryl, O-alkylaryl or O-arylalkyl, R.sup.6=hydrogen, alkyl or NHC(O)NR.sup.1R.sup.2, X=oxygen or sulphur, m=1, 2 or 3, n=0, 1 or 2, wherein there applies: m+n=3 p=0, 1 or 2.

The present invention relates to halogen-free oligomer mixtures of poly(alkylene phosphates), production of these and use as flame retardants, and also to flame-retardant polyurethanes comprising halogen-free oligomer mixtures as flame retardants.

The present invention relates to halogen-free oligomer mixtures of poly(alkylene phosphates), production of these and use as flame retardants, and also to flame-retardant polyurethanes comprising halogen-free oligomer mixtures as flame retardants.

A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive active material represented by Formula 1, and the electrolyte includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a phosphite compound represented by Formula 2, wherein the phosphite compound is present in amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte:

Li.sub.xNi.sub.yM.sub.1-yO.sub.2-zA.sub.z Formula 1

##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, 0.9x1.2, 0.7y0.98, and 0z<0.2; M comprises Al, Mg, Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Bi, or a combination thereof; and A is an element having an oxidation number of 1 or 2; wherein in Formula 2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are independently an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group or an unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

The present invention relates to a phosphorous acid compound represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, a C.sub.5-8 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.6-12 alkyl cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.7-12 aralkyl group or a C.sub.6-12 aryl group; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group; and R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.3-25 alkylene group, a stabilizer for organic materials containing the phosphorous acid compound, a method for stabilizing an organic material in which the phosphorous acid compound is added to the organic material, and a stabilized organic material composition containing an organic material and the phosphorous acid ester compound.

The present invention encompasses a novel method for synthesizing highly pure salts of the general formula Q.sup.+A.sup., wherein Q.sup.+ is:

##STR00001##

and wherein A.sup. is

##STR00002##

The present invention encompasses a novel method for synthesizing highly pure salts of the general formula Q.sup.+A.sup., wherein Q.sup.+ is:

##STR00001##

and wherein A.sup. is

##STR00002##