The present invention includes methods for the synthesis of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. The present invention also includes methods for the synthesis of sphingosines and dihydrosphingosines. The present invention further includes methods for the synthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

The present invention includes methods for the synthesis of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. The present invention also includes methods for the synthesis of sphingosines and dihydrosphingosines. The present invention further includes methods for the synthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetra-metaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.

The present invention includes methods for the synthesis of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. The present invention also includes methods for the synthesis of sphingosines and dihydrosphingosines. The present invention further includes methods for the synthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

The present invention includes methods for the synthesis of sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins. The present invention also includes methods for the synthesis of sphingosines and dihydrosphingosines. The present invention further includes methods for the synthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

Novel synthetic routes, which are highly applicable for industrial preparation of therapeutically beneficial oxidized phospholipids, are disclosed. Particularly, novel methods for efficiently preparing compounds having a glycerolic backbone and one or more oxidized moieties attached to the glycerolic backbone, which are devoid of column chromatography are disclosed. Further disclosed are novel methods of introducing phosphorus-containing moieties such as phosphate moieties to compounds having glycerolic backbone and intermediates formed thereby. Further disclosed is substantially pure 1-hexadecyl-2-(4-carboxy)butyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (CI-201).

An organometallic adduct compound and a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit (IC) device, the organometallic adduct compound being represented by General formula (I): ##STR00001## in General formula (I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently a C1 to C5 alkyl group, at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 being a C1 to C5 alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, M is a niobium atom, a tantalum atom, or a vanadium atom, X is a halogen atom, m is an integer of 3 to 5, and n is 1 or 2.

Provided a method using of a compound as an electrolyte additive, an electrolyte, a battery and an electrical apparatus. The present application relates to the use of a compound shown in Formula I as an electrolyte additive. The compound in the present application can capture byproducts generated from oxidative decomposition products of electrolytes, thereby suppressing the increase in the interface impedance of negative electrode plates, and further improving the capacity and cycling performance of batteries.

Provided a method using of a compound as an electrolyte additive, an electrolyte, a battery and an electrical apparatus. The present application relates to the use of a compound shown in Formula I as an electrolyte additive. The compound in the present application can capture byproducts generated from oxidative decomposition products of electrolytes, thereby suppressing the increase in the interface impedance of negative electrode plates, and further improving the capacity and cycling performance of batteries.

Disclosed herein, among other things, are methods for the mechanochemical synthesis of phosphite salts and organophosphite compounds from phosphates, such as condensed phosphates.