The present disclosure involves a composition enriched in compound 61501b, wherein the compound 61501b has a purity of not less than 90% or more. The composition has a significant advantage in preparing a high-purity compound Sp-1. In addition, the present disclosure also provides a preparation method of the composition enriched in compound 61501b. The method adopts a crystallization technique to perform separation and purification, has a simple and convenient operation and good reproducibility, and therefore the compound 61501b in the prepared composition has high purity and quality. Further, the present disclosure also involves a novel crystal form of compound 61501b.

The invention provides an artificial sgRNA and a CRISPR/Cas9 system by combining the artificial sgRNA and Cas9. Activity of the sgRNA can be retained even when a nucleotide linker region for forming a single strand by linking the 3-terminal of crRNA and the 5-terminal of tracrRNA in sgRNA is substituted with an amino acid derivative linker, when the linker region existing between stem-loop 1 and stem-loop 2 of tracrRNA and/or the loop portion of stem-loop 2 are/is substituted with an amino acid derivative linker, or when an amino acid derivative linker is added/inserted into the vicinity of the 5-terminal and/or the 3-terminal of sgRNA. Stability in vivo can be improved by introducing one or more amino acid derivative linkers into the sgRNA.

The present invention relates to novel impurities of cyclophosphamide having structure V, VI or VII, stabilized form of these novel impurities, a process of preparing a stabilized form and isolating thereof. The invention also relates cyclophosphamide formulations which include cyclophosphamide, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and a certain level of these impurities having structure V, VI or VII. The invention further relate to method of using such stable liquid formulations of cyclophosphamide for parenteral administration in treating various cancer disorders.

An energy-sensitive composition including at least one of a silane compound monomer capable of forming a polysilane compound, a silane compound oligomer and the polysilane compound, and a base generator (B) represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group or an alkoxy group, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may be connected to each other via a single bond or a divalent linking group, Z.sup.q+ represents a q-valent counter cation composed of a base having a pKa of 24 or more, and q represents an integer of 1 or more.

Oligonucleotide analogues comprising modified intersubunit linkages and/or modified 3 and/or 5-end groups are provided. The disclosed compounds are useful for the treatment of diseases where inhibition of protein expression or correction of aberrant mRNA splice products produces beneficial therapeutic effects.

A process a process of forming a non-halogenated flame retardant (FR) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) cross-linker is disclosed. The process includes forming a mixture that includes a first molecule having a hindered amine group. The first molecule corresponds to a functionalized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) molecule. The process also includes forming the non-halogenated FR HALS cross-linker via a chemical reaction of the first molecule a second molecule. The second molecule includes a phosphoryl group, a chloride group, and at least one cross-linkable (CL) moiety.

The present invention is directed to 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one compounds which are allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The present invention is also directed to uses of the compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these compositions in the potential prevention or treatment of such diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved.

The present invention is directed to 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one compounds which are allosteric modulators of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The present invention is also directed to uses of the compounds described herein in the potential treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders and diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved. The present invention is also directed to compositions comprising these compounds. The present invention is also directed to uses of these compositions in the potential prevention or treatment of such diseases in which M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are involved.

A process a process of forming a non-halogenated flame retardant (FR) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) cross-linker is disclosed. The process includes forming a mixture that includes a first molecule having a hindered amine group. The first molecule corresponds to a functionalized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) molecule. The process also includes forming the non-halogenated FR HALS cross-linker via a chemical reaction of the first molecule a second molecule. The second molecule includes a phosphoryl group, a chloride group, and at least one cross-linkable (CL) moiety.

This is invention is related to processes for synthesis of levoamphetamine derivatives and novel intermediates thereby, and processes for using the same.