A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, and a ligand bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligand includes a head portion bonded to the surface of the quantum dot and containing a polar solvent dissociative functional group, and a tail portion connected to the head portion. A quantum dot composition according to an embodiment is used to form an emission layer of a light emitting element to enhance luminous efficiency of the light emitting element including an emission layer formed through the quantum dot composition.

The present invention relates to the use of ionic liquids as flame retardants. The compounds of the invention may be used as flame retardants in various materials without causing damage to the environment and or health of humans or animals. Ionic liquid flame retardants maybe applied alone or in combination with traditional flame retardants. Ionic liquid flame retardants can be applied to finish textile, plastic, leather, paper, rubber or as wild fire flame retardants.

Condensation of fluoro-substituted and silyl-substituted monomers provides polymers suitable for use, e.g., as engineering polymers. A monomer composition is condensed in the presence of a bifluoride or poly(hydrogen fluoride) fluoride salt. The monomer composition contains a compound of formula F-X-F and a compound of formula (R.sup.1).sub.3SiZSi(R.sup.1).sub.3, and forms an alternating X-Z polymer chain and a silyl fluoride byproduct. X has the formula -A(-R.sup.2-A)n-; each A is SO.sub.2, C(O), or Het; R.sup.2 is an organic moiety; n is 0 or 1; Het is an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle; Z has the formula -L-R.sup.3-L-; each L is O, S, or N(R.sup.4); and each R.sup.3 is an organic moiety, and R.sup.4 comprises H or an organic moiety.

The present invention provides cationic pillar[n]arenes, e.g., positively charged poly-ammonium, poly-phosphonium and poly-imidazolium pillar[5-6]arene derivatives, capable of inhibiting or preventing biofilm formation, and facilitating existing biofilm decomposition; as well as compositions thereof and methods of use.

This invention relates to compounds that are useful as cancer therapies. The compounds comprise derivatives of tetracycline antibiotics, e.g. doxycycline, having a phosphonium cation tethered to the tetracycline tetracycle. The invention also relates to methods of using said compounds and to pharmaceutical formulations comprising said compounds.

Provided is a lubricant including a silicon-containing ionic liquid represented by formula (1). ##STR00001##
(In the formula, R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Herein, it is provided that the number of carbon atoms in R.sup.2 is greater than the number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1.)

Provided is a salt that comprises a silicon-containing phosphate anion represented by formula (1) ##STR00001##
(in the formula, R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 2-8).

Provided is a salt that comprises a silicon-containing phosphate anion represented by formula (1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, R.sup.1-R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 2-8).

1,7-diaryl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione derivatives, methods for the production and use thereof.

The present invention relates to new stable modified polymer polyol dispersions. The modified polymer polyols of the present invention comprise at least one polyol and a stable dispersion of polymeric particles in the at least one polyol. There are also disclosed processes for the preparation of the herein described modified polymer polyols, and processes for preparing polyurethane materials containing them.