Methods of decreasing shedding of CD28, decreasing soluble CD28 levels, treating cancer and improving immunotherapies comprising inhibiting matrix metalloproteases are provided. Methods of producing agents for performance of the methods of the invention are also provided.

Methods, compounds, compositions and kits for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer are provided. In particular, methods for the treatment of cancer comprising the administration of a TLR2 agonist, such as a conjugate of dipalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine (Pam2Cys) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), more particularly a Pam2Cys-Ser-PEG compound, and an immunostimulant such as an anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-PL-1, or anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapeutic, are provided.

The present invention relates to a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for cancer containing an mPGES-1 inhibitor as an active ingredient, the agent being useful in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and the invention has industrial applicability.

The present disclosure provides pyrimidine dione compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for treating cancer, including solid tumors. The compounds can be used alone or in combination with other anti-cancer agents.

The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product, a medical device and the like for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor. The present disclosure provides a composition, a combination product and a medical device for treating or preventing cancer or a tumor or preventing the recurrence of the cancer or the tumor, each of which comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a dendritic cell direct activator or means. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides: a novel cancer treatment method which comprises carrying out a treatment of cancer by employing a combination of a treatment by the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a treatment for improving the sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitor and, therefore, can be used as an immunotherapy that can be expected to have an excellent therapeutic effect; and a medicine which can be used for the cancer treatment method.

Provided are a human PD-1 antibody, an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a medical use thereof. A chimeric antibody containing a complementarity determining region (CDR) of the antibody, a pharmaceutical composition containing the human PD-1 antibody and the antigen-binding fragment thereof, and a use of the antibody in preparation of a drug for treating a disease or a disorder are further disclosed.

A pharmaceutical composition is described, which comprises proteins and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, wherein the proteins comprise a fusion protein, and the fusion protein comprises cytokines IL12, IL2, and GMCSF. A reagent kit is also described, which comprises the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition or the reagent kit may be used in preparing a medicament for treating a tumor.

The present disclosure provides methods for predicting and thereby treating cancer or increasing the efficacy of an anti-cancer medication, in part by measuring checkpoint proteins on extracellular vesicles released from non-cancer cells. These checkpoint proteins promote cancer progression and/or compensate for the loss of signal from the checkpoint proteins being inhibited by the checkpoint inhibitory therapy. Compositions and methods of treatment are also provided.

Methods and systems to reduce neurotoxicity associated with the treatment of CD19.sup.+ B-cell hyperproliferative disorders are disclosed. Neurotoxicity is reduced by the use of agents that protect CD19.sup.+ neurovascular pericytes and/or CD19.sup.+ vSMCs from attack by CD19-targeted therapy, and by modification of CD19-targeted therapy to avoid CD19.sup.+ pericytes and/or CD19.sup.+ vSMCs.

This disclosure relates to modified immunoglobulins.