Provided is a composition that is capable of forming a polarizer layer having an excellent degree of alignment and excellent adhesiveness to another layer in a case of being applied to a laminate, a polarizer layer, a laminate, and an image display device. The composition of the present invention is a composition including at least a polymer liquid crystal compound, a dichroic material, and a low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound, in which the polymer liquid crystal compound is a copolymer having a repeating unit (1) represented by Formula (1), the low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound is a compound represented by Formula (LC), and relationships represented by Expressions |log P(SP1)−log P(SPL1)|≤2.0 (11), |log P(MG1)−log P(SP1)|≥4.5 (12), and |log P(ML)−log P(SPL1)|≥4.0 (13) are satisfied.

##STR00001##

A composition for forming a resist underlayer film that enables the formation of a desired resist pattern, a method for manufacturing a resist pattern using the composition for forming a resist underlayer film and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. This composition for forming an EUV resist underlayer film includes a polymer that contains a structure represented by formula (1) at an end [in formula (1): X.sup.1 represents —O—, —S—, an ester bond or an amide bond; R.sup.1 represents an optionally halogenated alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; and * represents a binding portion to the polymer end] and an organic solvent.

There is provided a maintenance liquid, which is used in maintenance of a device equipped with a discharge head for discharging an ultraviolet ray curable-type composition containing the acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator toward an attachment object, including a polymerizable compound in which a saturation solubility of an acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator at 20° C. is equal to or greater than 5.0% by mass.

There is provided a maintenance liquid, which is used in maintenance of a device equipped with a discharge head for discharging an ultraviolet ray curable-type composition containing the acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator toward an attachment object, including a polymerizable compound in which a saturation solubility of an acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator at 20° C. is equal to or greater than 5.0% by mass.

An aqueous ink composition includes an aqueous medium and resin microparticles formed from a resin, in which the resin has a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) or (2), and the content of the resin microparticles is 1% to 15% by mass,

##STR00001## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; A.sup.1 represents —O— or —NR.sup.3—; L.sup.1 represents an alkylene group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, or an ammonium ion; A.sup.2 represents a single bond, —COO—, or —CONH—; and L.sup.2 represents a divalent linking group having 6 to 23 carbon atoms.

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

The present teachings are directed at 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers (e.g., methylene beta-ketoester monomers), methods for producing the same, polymerizable compositions including a methylene beta-ketoester monomer, and polymers, compositions and products formed therefrom. The monomer preferably is a high purity monomer. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester may be reacted with a source of formaldehyde. The methylene beta-ketoester monomers may be used in monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

An iodine-containing (meth)acrylate compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, methyl, or halogen; each R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched organic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic organic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; A represents an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; A contains at least one acyl group; n.sup.1 represents 0 or 1; and n.sup.2 represents an integer of 1 to 20.

Provided is a resin composition for a solid polymer fuel cell sealing material, the resin composition including a copolymer resin having a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 or more and formed by copolymerizing raw material components including: (a1) 5% by mass or more of styrene; and (b) 20% by mass or less of glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, the raw material components are configured to further include (c) one or more kinds of other polymerizable monomers selected from a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and an alkyl (meth)acrylate.

Provided is a resin composition for a solid polymer fuel cell sealing material, the resin composition including a copolymer resin having a weight average molecular weight of 150,000 or more and formed by copolymerizing raw material components including: (a1) 5% by mass or more of styrene; and (b) 20% by mass or less of glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, the raw material components are configured to further include (c) one or more kinds of other polymerizable monomers selected from a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and an alkyl (meth)acrylate.