Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Disclosed are polycationic polymers. The polycationic polymers can include a plurality of positively charged centers, each of which is formed by condensation of cyclic bis-electrophile (e.g., a 9-thia/aza/selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl electrophile) with a nucleophile. The resulting polycationic polymers can efficiently bind nucleic acids. The polycations can also exhibit properties of cytotoxicity and DNA transfection with interesting structure-activity characteristics.

Disclosed are polycationic polymers. The polycationic polymers can include a plurality of positively charged centers, each of which is formed by condensation of cyclic bis-electrophile (e.g., a 9-thia/aza/selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl electrophile) with a nucleophile. The resulting polycationic polymers can efficiently bind nucleic acids. The polycations can also exhibit properties of cytotoxicity and DNA transfection with interesting structure-activity characteristics.

A Janus G-C base as building block for a triazine based self-assembly of formula (I), a process for the preparation, and its application in developing supramolecular polymers, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and smart polymers thereof. A triazine based self-assembly of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein, R is selected from the group comprising of linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 alkyl, unsubstituted and substituted aryl, unsubstituted and substituted natural amino acids which may be protected, linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 alcohols, or linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 amines.

A Janus G-C base as building block for a triazine based self-assembly of formula (I), a process for the preparation, and its application in developing supramolecular polymers, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and smart polymers thereof. A triazine based self-assembly of formula (I):

##STR00001## wherein, R is selected from the group comprising of linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 alkyl, unsubstituted and substituted aryl, unsubstituted and substituted natural amino acids which may be protected, linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 alcohols, or linear or branched unsubstituted and substituted C1-C7 amines.

In some examples, novel nanogel particles are described having dual functionality, temperature responsiveness and pH responsiveness. For nucleic acid sequencing, amplification primers are grafted to nanogel particles to form primer-grafted nanogel particles, and the primer-grafted nanogel particles are captured onto surfaces within a flow cell. Within flow cells such as used in SBS nucleic acid sequencing, each primer-grafted nanogel particle functions as a nano-well in the flow cell, thus eliminating the need for nano-wells in some examples.

In some examples, novel nanogel particles are described having dual functionality, temperature responsiveness and pH responsiveness. For nucleic acid sequencing, amplification primers are grafted to nanogel particles to form primer-grafted nanogel particles, and the primer-grafted nanogel particles are captured onto surfaces within a flow cell. Within flow cells such as used in SBS nucleic acid sequencing, each primer-grafted nanogel particle functions as a nano-well in the flow cell, thus eliminating the need for nano-wells in some examples.

In an embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a method of changing the glass transition temperature of a polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer includes at least one hydrazone-containing compound. In general, the methods of the present disclosure include one or more of the following steps of: (1) applying light to the polymer; and (2) thereby changing the glass transition temperature of the polymer. In another embodiment, the present disclosure pertains to a polymer having a light-adjustable glass transition temperature. In some embodiments, the polymer includes at least one hydrazone-containing compound.

The present disclosure is directed to resins and to polymers, copolymers, and blends formed therefrom.