The present invention relates to a modified polyimide including a terminal group represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein D is a heat curable or photocurable functional group, R is a divalent or higher polyvalent organic group, and n is an integer of 1 or greater. The modified polyimide undergoes less reduction in transmittance and is protected from discoloration when cured. Due to these advantages, the modified polyimide can provide a highly transparent colorless polyimide film. Particularly, the modified polyimide is suitable for use in display substrates, interlayer insulating films of semiconductor devices, passivation films, buffer coat films, insulating films for multilayer printed circuit boards, insulating films of OLEDs, and protective films of thin film transistors of liquid crystal display devices. The present invention also relates to a curable composition including the modified polyimide.

A film having high heat resistance and a low total haze value and yellowness index. The film includes a fluorinated polyimide layer having a total haze value of 4 or lower, a yellowness index of 3 or lower, and a total luminous transmittance of 90% or higher.

The present invention provides an alignment film having excellent heat resistance and capable of suppressing generation of defects such as image sticking and stain, and a liquid crystal display device including the alignment film. The alignment film of the present invention contains a copolymer containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1), wherein X1 and X2 may be the same as or different from each other and are each represented by, for example, any of the following formulas (X-P1) to (X-P4); and Y is represented by, for example, any of the following formulas (Y-P1) to (Y-P4).

##STR00001##

Provided are a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element. The liquid crystal alignment agent at least comprises one of a polyamic acid solution and a polyimide solution. The polyamic acid solution is obtained by means of a polymerization reaction of diamine compound component A and dianhydride compound component B in a solvent, and the polyimide solution is obtained from the polyamic acid solution via a dehydration imidization treatment. The diamine component A at least comprises one of the diamine compounds represented by “formula 1”. The obtained liquid crystal alignment agent has a better liquid crystal alignment capability, an excellent effect on image sticking, and the effect that decomposition products resulting from light alignment are easy to remove. ##STR00001##

A method of manufacturing a bump structure includes forming a passivation layer over a substrate. A metal pad structure is formed over the substrate, wherein the passivation layer surrounds the metal pad structure. A polyimide layer including a polyimide is formed over the passivation layer and the metal pad structure. A metal bump is formed over the metal pad structure and the polyimide layer. The polyimide is a reaction product of a dianhydride and a diamine, wherein at least one of the dianhydride and the diamine comprises one selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkane, a fused ring, a bicycloalkane, a tricycloalkane, a bicycloalkene, a tricycloalkene, a spiroalkane, and a heterocyclic ring.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (−) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

A transparent electro-conductive laminate comprising: a substrate film made of a polyimide; and a thin film made of an electro-conductive material and stacked on the substrate film, wherein the polyimide is a polyimide containing at least one repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
[in the formula (1), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each independently represent one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom, R.sup.4 represents an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 to 12], having a glass transition temperature of 350° C. to 450° C., and having a linear expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/° C. or less, the linear expansion coefficient being determined by measuring change in length under a nitrogen atmosphere and under a condition of a rate of temperature rise of 5° C./minute in a temperature range from 50° C. to 200° C.

A gas separation composite membrane, containing: a gas-permeable supporting layer; and a gas separating layer containing a crosslinked polyimide resin, over the gas-permeable supporting layer, in which the crosslinked polyimide resin is composed of a polyimide compound having been crosslinked through an ester linking group, in which the polyimide compound contains a repeating unit of formula (I), a repeating unit of formula (II-a) or (II-b), and a repeating unit of formula (III-a) or (III-b), and in which a ratio [κ] of a site forming a crosslinked chain mediated by the ester linking group to an imide group (the number of specific crosslinkable sites/the number of imide groups) is more than 0.4 and less than 0.5.

The present invention relates to a polyimide precursor comprising a repeating unit represented by the following chemical formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein A is a tetravalent group having at least one aliphatic six membered ring and no aromatic ring in the chemical structure, and B is a divalent group having at least one amide bond and an aromatic ring in the chemical structure; or A is an aliphatic tetravalent group and B is a divalent group having at least one chemical structure represented by the following chemical formula (2) in the chemical structure: ##STR00002##
and X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or a C.sub.3-9 alkylsilyl group.

A photoalignment agent includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—C.sub.mH.sub.2m—, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format. A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m-, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format.