A thermoluminescence sensor includes a thermo-responsive polymer composition, and a sealed transparent container that holds the thermo-responsive polymer composition. The thermo-responsive polymer composition contains a curcumin oil, and a cyano derivative of poly(phenylenevinylene) of formula (I). ##STR00001##

An object of the invention is to provide an organic semiconductor element having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity, and a manufacturing method thereof. Another object is to provide a novel compound suitable for an organic semiconductor. Still another object is to provide an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity and a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that can suitably form the organic semiconductor film. The organic semiconductor element according to the invention includes an organic semiconductor layer containing an organic semiconductor having a repeating unit represented by Formula 1. ##STR00001##

A method of forming a polymer comprising repeat units of formula (II) or a salt thereof by forming a precursor polymer of formula (I) and converting the precursor polymer to the polymer comprising repeat units of formula (II): (Formulae (II), (III)) wherein BG is a backbone group; Sp.sup.1 and Sp.sup.2 are each a spacer group; x is 0 or 1; y is at least 1; X is O or NR.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 is H or a substituent; P is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted benzyl, CR.sup.1.sub.3, COR.sup.1, COOR.sup.1 or, if XO, SiR.sup.1.sub.3; wherein R.sup.1 in each occurrence is a C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.3 in each occurrence is a substituent; and z is 0 or a positive integer. The polymer of formula (II) may form a layer of an organic electronic device and the layer may be formed by deposition of the polymer dissolved in a polar solvent.

The invention provides: a resin as a material of a composition for forming an organic film having high filling and planarizing properties and etching resistance; the composition; and a patterning process using the composition. Provided is a composition for forming an organic film, including: (I) a resin having a structure shown by a general formula (1) in which a ring structure AR containing an aromatic ring and a spiro structure SP bonded to four of the ARs are alternately repeated in at least a portion of a repeating unit; and (II) an organic solvent.

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The invention relates to novel polymers containing repeating units based on benzodithiophene or derivatives thereof, monomers and methods for their preparation, their use as semiconductors in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, and to OE and OPV devices comprising these polymers.

In an aspect, a method of synthesizing a graft copolymer comprises the steps of: copolymerizing a first macromonomer and a first reactive diluent; wherein said first macromonomer comprises a first backbone precursor directly or indirectly covalently linked to a first polymer side chain group; wherein said reactive diluent is provided in the presence of the first macromonomer at an amount selected so as to result in formation said graft copolymer having a first backbone incorporating said diluent and said first macromonomer in a first polymer block characterized by a preselected first graft density or a preselected first graft distribution of said first macromonomer. In some embodiments of this aspect, said preselected first graft density is any value selected from the range of 0.05 to 0.75. In some methods, the composition and amount of said diluent is selected to provide both a first preselected first graft density and a first preselected first graft distribution.

A patterned film structure consists of a substrate and of a patterned polymeric layer which selectively covers and exposes part of the surface of the substrate. The patterned polymeric layer is selected form at least one of an unsubstituted poly-para-xylylene and a substituted poly-para-xylylene.

The present invention relates to functionalized polymers including a poly(phenylene) structure having modifications suitable for an anion exchange membrane. Exemplary modifications include use of a cationic moiety and a halo moiety. Methods and uses of such structures and polymers are also described herein.

Provided is a composition comprising: a charge-transporting substance that comprises N,N-diphenylbenzidine; an electron-accepting dopant substance; and an organic solvent. This composition is suitable, for example, as a composition for the anode buffer layer of an organic thin film solar cell, said composition being used to produce a thin film that is suitable for use as an anode buffer layer that makes it possible to achieve an organic thin film solar cell having a high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

A thermoluminescence sensor includes a thermo-responsive polymer composition, and a scaled transparent container that holds the thermo-responsive polymer composition. The thermo-responsive polymer composition contains a curcumin oil, and a cyano derivative of poly(phenylenevinylene) of formula (I). ##STR00001##