Disclosed is a graft copolymer containing a polyfluorene-based polymer as a main chain and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a side chain, and an element including the same. The graft copolymer contains both the polyfluorene-based polymer and the PVDF, so that the graft copolymer may increase miscibility between polymers to prepare a composite having excellent performance, prepare an uniform thin film through a solution process, and be used as a single material that exhibits both piezoelectric properties and luminescence properties.

A polymer containing an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I) wherein each R is the same or different and represents H or an electron withdrawing group, and each R.sup.1 is the same or different and represents a substituent. ##STR00001##

A method of producing a polymer compound which is capable of improving yield while lowering the dispersity of the molecular weight is described. The method of producing polymer compound A containing a constitutional unit (1-2) having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms present on Ar.sup.1 from a compound represented by the formula [1-2] involves a first step of separating high molecular weight components contained in a polymer compound B by a fractionation precipitation method from the polymer compound B containing a constitutional unit (1-1) having a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms present on Ar.sup.1 from a compound represented by the formula [1-1], to obtain a polymer compound C composed of the high molecular weight components, and a second step of converting the constitutional unit (1-1) contained in polymer compound C into constitutional unit (1-2), to obtain polymer compound A:

##STR00001##

A light emitting device with excellent light emission efficiency is provided. The light emitting device has an anode, a cathode, a first layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a second layer disposed between the anode and the first layer. The second layer is a layer containing a crosslinked product of a compound having a crosslinkable group selected from Group A, and at least one of the first layer and the second layers contains a compound represented by the formula (T-1). The compound having a crosslinkable group is a polymer compound having a crosslinkable group selected from Group A:

##STR00001## ##STR00002##

Fluorescent water soluble conjugated polymers including polycyclic aromatic comonomers are provided. The conjugated polymers can be linked to an acceptor fluorescent dye. The conjugated polymers find use in conjugates with biological substrates having applications in a variety of applications including methods of analyte detection.

Light-Emitting Compound A composition comprising a light-emitting compound having a peak wavelength of at least 650 nm and a material comprising a group of formula (I): wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 in each occurrence are independently selected from a C.sub.6-20 aromatic group and a 6-20 membered heteroaromatic group of C and N ring atoms and at least one of Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 is a 6-20 membered heteroaromatic group of C and N ring atoms; x, y and z are each independently at least 1; n, m and p are each independently 0 or a positive integer; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in each occurrence is independently a substituent or a single bond to a polymer chain, wherein the group of formula (I) has no more than 3 single bonds to a polymer chain. The composition may be used in the light-emitting layer of an infrared organic light-emitting device. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides a light emitting device having an anode and a cathode, and a first layer and a second layer disposed between the anode and the cathode.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition for light emitting diodes with which it is possible to obtain an organic EL element that includes an organic layer formed using a high molecular weight material and whose service life can be extended as compared with that of conventional organic EL elements. The present invention provides a composition for light emitting diodes containing a high molecular weight compound and a thermally crosslinkable low molecular weight compound, wherein the thermally crosslinkable low molecular weight compound includes a compound that has two or more thermally crosslinkable structures in a molecule. The thermally crosslinkable low molecular weight compound preferably includes a compound that contains two or more thermally crosslinkable structures selected from the group consisting of an acrylate structure, a methacrylate structure, and a maleimide structure in a molecule.

A light-emitting polymer comprising a light-emitting repeat unit in a backbone of the polymer, wherein the polymer has an anisotropy of no more than 0.8 and wherein a transition dipole moment of the light-emitting repeat unit is aligned with the polymer backbone.

Water soluble light harvesting multichromophores that have an ultraviolet absorption maximum are provided. In some embodiments, the multichromophores include a conjugated segment including a fused 6-5-6 tricyclic co-monomer and a UV absorbance-modifying co-monomer. The multichromophores may include an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. In some embodiments, a specific binding member is covalently linked to the multichromophore. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the light harvesting multichromophores. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.