This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of π-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

The present invention provides compounds comprising at least one unit of formula (1) or (1′) as well as a process for the preparation of the compounds, intermediates of this process, electronic devices comprising the compounds, and the use of the compounds as semiconducting materials. ##STR00001##

The invention provides for polymer structures and their preparation and resulting novel functionalities including open-shell character and high intrinsic conductivity with wide-range tenability. Electrical conductivity can be further modulated by introducing or blending with materials, fillers, dopants, and/or additives. The materials or resultant composites of the invention can be processed by various techniques into different forms to realize multiple applications.

Methods and compositions are provided that include a multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex for identifying a target biomolecule. A sensor biomolecule, for example, an antibody can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. Additionally, a signaling chromophore can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. The arrangement is such that the signaling chromophore is capable of receiving energy from the multichromophore upon excitation of the multichromophore. Since the sensor biomolecule is capable of interacting with the target biomolecule, the multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex can provide enhanced detection signals for a target biomolecule.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises ##STR00001##
and B comprises ##STR00002##
Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are different and at least one is a Cl and the other is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

Polymer comprising an indacen-4-one derivative, said polymer having general formula (IX), (X) or (XI): ##STR00001##
in which: W and W.sub.1, Z and Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, are as described; D represents an electron-donor group; A represents an electron-acceptor group; n is an integer ranging from 10 to 500.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A, B and C. In this random copolymer A comprises ##STR00001##
B comprises ##STR00002##
and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

An infrared absorbing polymer includes a first structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second structural unit including at least one of Chemical Formula 2A to Chemical Formula 2. The infrared absorbing polymer may be included in an infrared absorbing/blocking film, a photoelectric device, a sensor, and an electronic device.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting (OSC) compounds containing one or more ester-substituted 4,8-dithiophenyl-benzodithiophene units or derivatives thereof, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE devices comprising these compounds or compositions.

The present invention relates to a polar functional group-partially introduced polymer, a preparation method therefor, and an organic electronic element adopting the same. The organic electronic element of the present invention has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability and is very advantageous in commercialization, by adopting the polar functional group-partially introduced polymer of the present invention.