Exemplary methods, catalysts, catalyst compositions and systems are provided to activate a latent ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst using a deep red to near infrared light (e.g., 600-800 nm) in conjunction with an osmium (II) photocatalyst that is directly excited to its triplet state via spin-forbidden excitation. An excited state single electron reduction of a latent solvent coordinated, cationic pre-catalyst is proposed as the operating mechanism for activation and photocontrol, as probed via in situ LED NMR kinetic studies and cyclic voltammetry. Excellent levels of spatiotemporal control can be found under light irradiation. NIR olefin metathesis exhibits improved light penetration through barriers over lower wavelengths of light, a control element that was deployed to mold dicyclopentadiene via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP).

A medicine container which absorbs very little protein over time is manufactured using a resin composition including 50 to 99 wt % of a norbornene-based polymer, and 1 to 50 wt % of a hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, a content of a low-molecular-weight component having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or less in the resin composition being 3 wt % or less.

A resin has a structure defined by Formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein: (a) each R.sub.5 is independently a methylene group (CH.sub.2), or a methylene group substituted with one or more —H, —CH.sub.3, or halogen functionalities; (b) each R.sub.6 is independently a bond or a straight-chain or branched, linear or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic group having between 1 and 2 carbon atoms; (c) each X is independently a functionality possessing at least one non-aromatic alkene or alkyne moiety; (d) each Z is independently either H or X; (e) each Z is independently either H or X, and each p is independently an integer from 1-4; (f) each w is independently 0, or an integer greater than or equal to 1, and (i) when w is 0, the bracket region represents a bond and n is 0, or an integer greater than or equal to 1; and (ii) when n is 0, the bracket region represents a bond. The resin is especially well suited for use in a base station, circuit board, server, router, radome or satellite structure, as well as such processes as digital light printing (DLP), continuous liquid interface printing (CLIP), and Stereolithography (SL).

A mixing head 3 which mixes a first preparative liquid formulation containing a norbornene-based monomer with a second preparative liquid formulation containing a metathesis polymerization catalyst includes a casing 4, a cap 7, and a mixing rotor 6. A plurality of protrusions 622 includes first protrusions 622a having a width in the axial direction of the mixing rotor 6 larger than that in the circumferential direction, and second protrusions 622b having a width in the axial direction of the mixing rotor 6 smaller than that in the circumferential direction. First and second protrusion rows 623a and 623b are alternately arranged, the first protrusion rows 623a being formed of the first protrusions 622a aligned at a predetermined interval, the second protrusion rows 623b being formed of the second protrusions 622b aligned at a predetermined interval.

A dental appliance made of an olefin polymer is directly formed via rapid prototyping without the use of an intermediary physical mold. A polymer precursor solution includes one or more olefin-containing monomers and/or oligomers, an olefin polymerization catalyst, and a UV absorbing agent to limit penetration of the UV light through the polymer precursor solution. One or more reactions of the polymer precursor solution are modulated in response to UV light, and the polymer precursor solution may further include an inhibitor (quenching agent) configured to modulate those reactions. The polymer precursor solution can be deposited using UV-cured stereolithographic or 3D printing methods to form appliances exhibiting improved elongation at break characteristics and suitable stress resistance.

A material for forming an underlayer film according to the present invention is a material for forming an underlayer film which is used to form a resist underlayer film used in a multi-layer resist process, the material including a cyclic olefin polymer which has a repeating structural unit [A] represented by Formula (1) and a repeating structural unit [B] represented by Formula (2), in which a molar ratio [A]/[B] of the structural unit [A] to the structural unit [B] in the cyclic olefin polymer is greater than or equal to 5/95 and less than or equal to 95/5.

##STR00001##

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an assembly method for manufacturing with which deformation caused by heating during joining is inhibited, peeling apart of the assembly is facilitated, protein adsorption is suppressed, and low haze is achieved. An assembly [3] includes one or more types of shaped products [1] that are joined via a joining layer [2] having a material constitution different from the shaped products; and a method for manufacturing the same. The joining layer [2] contains: 100 parts by weight of a cycloolefin resin [4]; and a softening agent [5]. The content of the softening agent [5] in the joining layer [2] is 6 parts by weight to 99 parts by weight of the softening agent [5] relative to 100 parts by weight of the cycloolefin resin [4]. The joining layer [2] has a haze of 1.0 or less.

A composition for forming an underlayer film necessary for facilitating alignment of self-assembled film into desired vertical pattern. Composition for forming an underlayer film of self-assembled film including a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound in main chain. The polymer is a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound with aromatic ring structure of aromatic ring-containing compound or polymer chain derived from vinyl group of vinyl group-containing compound in main chain. The polymer has unit structure of Formula (1):
X—Y  Formula (1)
wherein X is single bond, divalent group having vinyl structure as polymer chain, or divalent group having aromatic ring-containing structure as polymer chain, and Y is divalent group having aliphatic polycyclic structure as polymer chain. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is bi- to hexa-cyclic diene compound. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene.

A resin compound has a structure represented by a chemical formula (I):

##STR00001##

In the chemical formula (I), each R.sup.1 independently represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group or a C.sub.7-C.sub.40 alkylarylene group, and R.sup.1 are the same or different from each other; n independently represents an integer of 1-4; each R.sup.2 independently represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 terminal alkenyl group, and R.sup.2 are the same or different from each other. When at least one of R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylene group, at least one of R.sup.2 is a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 terminal alkenyl group.

Modified thermoplastic hydrocarbon thermoplastic resins are provided, as well as methods of their manufacture and uses thereof in rubber compositions. The modified thermoplastic resins are modified by decreasing the relative quantity of the dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer oligomers as compared to the corresponding unmodified thermoplastic resin polymers, resulting in a product that exhibits a greater shift in the glass transition temperature of the elastomer(s) used in tire formulations. This translates to better viscoelastic predictors of tire tread performance, such as wet grip and rolling resistance. The modified thermoplastic resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the modified thermoplastic resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, snow performance, and wet braking performance.