Polybenzoxazine comprises repeat units which comprise at least one unit corresponding to the formulae (I) or (II):

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in which Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2, which are identical or different, represent an at least divalent, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic bonding group comprising at least one carbon atom and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from O, S, N and P. Such a polybenzoxazine may be used as a metal-adhesive layer, in particular for the adhesive bonding of a metal substrate, in particular made of carbon steel, to a rubber.

Disclosed are a polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, an organic layer composition including the polymer, and a method of forming patterns using the organic layer composition.

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The Chemical Formulae 1 and 2 are the same as defined in the specification.

Provided herein is a narrow-range polyacetylene ester compound and a preparation method. The narrow-range polyacetylene ester compound has a structural formula as represented by formula (I). The method includes: in atmospheric carbon dioxide environment, a bifunctional alkyne monomer, carbon dioxide, and a dihalide monomer perform polymerization reaction by means of a combined action of a catalyzer and alkali, dissolve the product into an organic solvent, then add same to a precipitant for precipitation, collect precipitates, and dry same to the constant weight to obtain the narrow-range polyacetylene ester compound. The reaction is carried out in atmospheric carbon dioxide atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is involved as a monomer in the formation of a polymer. The obtained narrow-range polyacetylene ester compound has good thermal stability and excellent processability. Due to introduction of an aggregation-induced emission group, some polymers show a typical aggregation-induced emission performance.

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An electrochemical compressor utilizes an anion conducting layer disposed between an anode and a cathode for transporting a working fluid. The working fluid may include carbon dioxide that is dissolved in water and is partially converted to carbonic acid that is equilibrium with bicarbonate anion. An electrical potential across the anode and cathode creates a pH gradient that drives the bicarbonate anion across the anion conducting layer to the cathode, wherein it is reformed into carbon dioxide. Therefore, carbon dioxide is pumped across the anion conducting layer. The compressor may be part of a refrigeration system that pumps the working fluid in a closed loop through a condenser and an evaporator.

An anion exchange membrane is made by mixing 2 trifluoroMethyl Ketone [nominal] (1.12 g, 4.53 mmol), 1 BiPhenyl (0.70 g, 4.53 mmol), methylene chloride (3.0 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) (3.0 mL) to produce a pre-polymer. The pre-polymer is then functionalized to produce an anion exchange polymer. The pre-polymer may be functionalized with trimethylamamine in solution with water. The pre-polymer may be imbibed into a porous scaffold material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to produce a composite anion exchange membrane.

Provided is a charge-transporting varnish which includes a charge-transporting material including fluorine atoms, a charge-transporting material not including fluorine atoms, a dopant material comprising heteropoly acid, and an organic solvent, said charge-transporting material including fluorine atoms being a polymer of weight-average 1,000 to 200,000 molecular weight obtained by condensing a triarylamine compound, an aryl aldehyde compound including fluorine atoms, and a fluorine derivative having a carbonyl group, and said charge-transporting material not including fluorine atoms being an oligoaniline compound. The charge-transporting varnish provides a thin film which, even in a case of being used as a single layer in contact with and in between an anode and a luminescent layer, is capable of achieving an organic EL element having superior luminance characteristics and durability.

This invention relates to a polybenzoxazine precursor and a method of preparing the same, and more particularly, to a polybenzoxazine precursor which includes benzoxazine obtained by reacting a phenol novolak resin with an aldehyde compound and allylamine and diaminodiphenylmethane as an amine compound, and to a method of preparing the same. The polybenzoxazine precursor may serve to prepare a hardened material having excellent thermal and electrical characteristics and dimensional stability. Accordingly, the polybenzoxazine precursor may be available for use in a copper clad laminate, a semiconductor encapsulant, a printed circuit board, an adhesive, a paint, and a mold.

Methods of making solid-state semiconducting films. The methods include forming a mixture by mixing at least two monomers in a pre-determined proportion such that at least one of the at least two monomers contains at least one non-conjugation spacer. Polymerization of the mixture is achieved by reacting the monomers with one another resulting in a solid state polymer which is then purified. The purified solid state polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a homogenous solution which is then deposited onto a substrate, forming a solid-state semiconducting film by evaporating the solvent. Alternatively, the purified solid state polymer is deposited onto a substrate and heated to form a liquid melt, and cooling the liquid melt results in a solid state semiconducting thin film. Also, films comprising a semiconducting polymer composition containing a minimum of one non-conjugation spacer and devices comprising such films.

Methods of making solid-state semiconducting films. The methods include forming a mixture by mixing at least two monomers in a pre-determined proportion such that at least one of the at least two monomers contains at least one non-conjugation spacer. Polymerization of the mixture is achieved by reacting the monomers with one another resulting in a solid state polymer which is then purified. The purified solid state polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent to form a homogenous solution which is then deposited onto a substrate, forming a solid-state semiconducting film by evaporating the solvent. Alternatively, the purified solid state polymer is deposited onto a substrate and heated to form a liquid melt, and cooling the liquid melt results in a solid state semiconducting thin film. Also, films comprising a semiconducting polymer composition containing a minimum of one non-conjugation spacer and devices comprising such films.

A patterned film structure consists of a substrate and of a patterned polymeric layer which selectively covers and exposes part of the surface of the substrate. The patterned polymeric layer is selected form at least one of an unsubstituted poly-para-xylylene and a substituted poly-para-xylylene.