Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

A method of forming polymeric proppants in-situ during a fracturing operation. The method includes the steps of delivering reagents downhole and combining the reagents in a first mixing chamber to initiate polymerization; atomizing the combined reagents by passing them through an atomizer as they exit the first mixing chamber to form partially polymerized polymeric bodies; pumping water down a production casing; mixing the partially polymerized polymeric bodies and the water in a second mixing chamber; completing polymerization and forming solid polymeric proppants upon exiting the second mixing chamber; and passing the solid polymeric proppants through perforations in the casing and into fractures within the formation. A system for forming polymeric proppants in-situ during a fracturing operation and a method for forming solid polymeric proppants at the surface of a formation for use in a fracturing operation is also provided.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of π-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of π-conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

A resist underlayer film forming composition contains a reaction product of an aromatic compound (A) having 6 to 60 carbon atoms and a compound represented by formula (B), and a solvent. (In the formula, X represent an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom; Y represents a single bond, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom; X and Y may combine with each other to form a ring; and each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or an aromatic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; provided that R.sub.2 is present only in cases where X is a nitrogen atom, and R.sub.4 is present only in cases where Y is a nitrogen atom.)

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The present invention provides water soluble photoactive macromolecular complexes and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample by using a binding agent conjugated to a water soluble photoactive macromolecule.

A layered film includes first, second, and third layers formed of first, second, and third resins, respectively, and provided in this order. The second resin contains an alkoxysilyl group-modified product of a hydrogenated product of a block copolymer; has 0.020% by weight or less of a moisture content as measured by the Karl-Fischer method after immersed in water at 37° C. for 24 hours and then allowed to stand at 23° C. and a humidity of 70% for 24 hours; and has a flexural modulus lower than flexural moduli of the first and third resins. One or both of the first and third resins contain a polymer containing an alicyclic structure. The first resin has a specific water vapor transmission rate. A ratio of a sum of thicknesses of the first and third layers relative to a thickness of the second layer is in a specific range.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a two component composition containing in one component a latent organo-ruthenium carbide catalyst, and in another component a photoactive acid generator or a thermally active acid generator, and either of the components containing a mixture of photoactive compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said components are mixed together and exposed to a suitable radiation (or heat) to form a three-dimensional (3D) object. The three-dimensional objects so formed exhibits improved mechanical properties, particularly, high heat distortion temperature, impact strength, elongation to break, among others. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful as 3D inkjet materials for forming high impact strength objects of various sizes with microscale features lower than 100 microns, among various other uses.

The present invention provides water soluble photoactive macromolecular complexes and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample by using a binding agent conjugated to a water soluble photoactive macromolecule.

Electrochromic polymers include conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and conjugation-break spacers (CBSs). At least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.