The present invention relates to organic copolymers and organic semiconducting compositions comprising these materials, including layers and devices comprising such organic semiconductor compositions. The invention is also concerned with methods of preparing such organic semiconductor compositions and layers and uses thereof. The invention has application in the field of printed electronics and is particularly useful as a semiconducting material for use in formulations for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) backplanes for displays, integrated circuits, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photodetectors, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, sensors, memory elements and logic circuits.

An organic light-emitting device comprising an anode (101), a cathode (105) and an homogeneous organic light-emitting layer (103) between the anode and the cathode wherein: the light-emitting layer comprises a first light-emitting material mixed with an inert material; the inert material has a HOMO level (HOMO.sub.IM) that is further from vacuum than a HOMO level (HOMO.sub.LEM) of the first light-emitting material and a LUMO level (LUMO.sub.IM) that is closer to vacuum than a LUMO level(LUMO.sub.LEM) of the first light-emitting material; and the inert material comprises up to 25 weight % of the light-emitting layer.

Disclosed are [2.2]paracyclophane-derivative compounds and related polymers that are useful as stable, efficient, blue-light emitting compounds for OLED applications.

There is provided a compound having Formula I

##STR00001##

In Formula I: Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are the same or different and are aryl, heteroaryl, or deuterated analogs thereof; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are the same or different and are H, D, halogen, aryl, arylamino, crosslinkable groups, deuterated aryl, deuterated arylamino, or deuterated crosslinkable groups; R.sup.1-R.sup.4 are the same or different at each occurrence and are D, F, CN, hydrocarbon aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, fluoroaryl, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, amino, silyl, siloxane, siloxy, germyl, deuterated hydrocarbon aryl, deuterated heteroaryl, deuterated aryloxy, deuterated fluoroaryl, deuterated alkyl, deuterated fluoroalkyl, deuterated alkoxy, deuterated fluoroalkoxy, deuterated amino, deuterated silyl, deuterated siloxane, deuterated siloxy, or deuterated germyl, wherein adjacent groups selected from R.sup.1-R.sup.4 can be joined together to form a fused ring; a is 0 or 1; b is 0 or 1; x and x1 are the same or different and are an integer from 0-5; y and y1 are the same or different and are an integer from 0-4; n is an integer greater than 0, with the proviso that when n=1, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are selected from Cl, Br, crosslinkable groups and deuterated crosslinkable groups; and BzF is benzofluorene.

The present invention relates to organic copolymers and organic semiconducting compositions comprising these materials, including layers and devices comprising such organic semiconductor compositions. The invention is also concerned with methods of preparing such organic semiconductor compositions and layers and uses thereof. The invention has application in the field of printed electronics and is particularly useful as the semiconducting material for use in formulations for organic thin film transistor (OFET) backplanes for displays, integrated circuits, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photodetectors, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, sensors, memory elements and logic circuits.

A composition comprising an organic EL material, a solvent (A) represented by the formula (1), an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (B) and an aromatic ether solvent (C):

##STR00001##

[wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having a number of carbon atoms of 10 to 12].

Embodiments of the invention relate to a composite film and a fabrication method thereof, a photoelectric element and a photoelectric apparatus. The fabrication method of the composite film includes: preparing a polyfluorene-based compound solution, wherein the polyfluorene-based compound solution includes polyfluorene or polyfluorene derivatives; preparing a quantum dot solution; mixing the polyfluorene-based compound solution and the quantum dot solution together to prepare a mixed solution; removing a solvent in the mixed solution to prepare the composite film.

A polymer comprising a repeat unit of formula (I): wherein R.sup.1 in each occurrence is independently H or a substituent; R.sup.2 in each occurrence is independently a substituent; and x is 0, 1, 2 or 3. The polymer may be used as a light-emitting polymer in an organic light-emitting device.

Composition which may be useful in an organic light emitting diode, the composition having a fluorescent light-emitting polymer with light-emitting repeat units, and a triplet-accepting unit mixed with the light-emitting polymer.

The present invention relates to polymers containing 2,7-pyrene structural units, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to blends and formulations comprising these polymers. The present invention furthermore relates to the use of the polymers or blends according to the invention in electronic devices and to electronic devices, in particular OLEDs, comprising the polymers or blends according to the invention.