The present disclosure relates to a polysulfide copolymer particle and a method of preparing the polysulfide copolymer particle.

Disclosed herein are compositions of a deep eutectic solvent with a host, such as a supramolecular host, and the use of the composition to form a composition comprising the host in complex with one or more guests. The deep eutectic solvent provides an alternative medium to the aqueous-based media that have been used in the art to date. Also disclosed are compositions of a deep eutectic solvent with a redox-active compound, such as a viologen compound, and the use of the composition, for example, in a smart window or for agricultural use, such as in an agricultural product.

To provide a method of manufacturing polyarylene sulfide (PAS) while efficiently recovering an organic amide solvent at a low energy cost, without using an organic solvent, from washing wastewater produced by washing a raw material mixture containing PAS and an organic amide solvent using a solvent containing water; a method of manufacturing PAS by reducing the amount of water supplied when washing the raw material mixture using a solvent containing water; and PAS manufactured by these methods. A method according to the present invention includes: a step of mixing a solvent containing water and a raw material mixture that contains PAS and an organic amide solvent, and then washing the PAS; a step of obtaining a separated liquid by solid-liquid separation; and a step of separating the separated liquid into distilled vapor having a smaller amount of the organic amide solvent and a recovered liquid having a larger amount of the organic amide solvent by heating, where the heating is performed utilizing an increase in temperature based on compressing the distilled vapor and/or compressing a heat medium heat-exchanged with the distilled vapor.

A method of preparing polyamide (PA) powders includes the steps of: heating a composition including PA granules, a nucleating agent and an organic solvent under normal pressure to T.sub.1 not lower than melting point (T.sub.m) of PA granules and maintaining at T.sub.1 to dissolve PA granules; cooling the heated composition to T.sub.2 to nucleate the dissolved PA granules and maintaining at T.sub.2 to crystallize, where 15 C.T.sub.mT.sub.233 C.; cooling the crystallization product to precipitate PA; and washing the precipitated product to remove the organic solvent. The weight ratio of PA granules to the nucleating agent is 100:1, and the weight ratio of PA granules to the organic solvent ranges from 0.11 to saturation solubility of PA granules in the organic solvent.

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided A process for making a cellulose fibre or film comprising the steps of dissolving pulp in an ionic liquid containing a cationic 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium [TBDH]+ moiety and an anion selected from the group according to Formula a), Formula b) and Formula c), wherein each of R, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 is H or an organyl radical and X.sup. is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, carboxylates, alkyl sulphite, alkyl sulphate, dialkylphosphite, dialkyl phosphate, dialkyl phosphonites and dialkyl phosphonates, to provide a spinning dope, extruding the spinning dope through a spinneret to form one or more filaments, and a step selected from the group consisting of spinning cellulose fibres from the solution, and extruding a cellulose film from the solution.

A composition for forming a fiber includes at least one polyamide and caprolactam. The at least one polyamide has a number average molecular weight between 38,000 Da and 100,000 Da. The polyamide is at least partially dissolved in the caprolactam. The caprolactam comprises between 20 wt. % and 90 wt. % of the composition.

In an aspect, a method of making a composition, comprising forming a solvent mixture comprising a polymer and a solvent; precipitating the solvent mixture with a non-solvent to form the composition comprising the filler in a fibrillated polymer matrix, wherein the composition is in the form of a particulate and at least one of the solvent and the non-solvent comprises a filler; and separating the composition from the solvent and the non-solvent to isolate the composition. In another aspect, a porous material wherein the filler particles are mechanically bonded together by the polymer and wherein the polymer is present as filaments adhering to and connecting the filler particles across interstitial spaces between the filler particles. In another aspect, a precipitated polymer solution produced by a phase inversion where the majority of the liquids can be mechanically removed.

A method of making an active layer for an activated carbon anode in a lead carbon battery includes forming a solvent mixture including poly(vinylidene fluoride) and a solvent; combining the solvent mixture with a non-solvent to form a precipitate comprising an activated carbon in a fibrillated poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix; separating the precipitate from the solvent and the non-solvent; and forming the active layer from the precipitate. An active layer is formed by the method. A lead carbon battery includes an activated carbon anode comprising the active layer and a current collector, wherein the active layer is in electrical contact with the current collector; a lead oxide cathode that is in electrical contact with a cathode side current collector; an acid located in between the activated carbon anode and the cathode; and a casing encapsulating the activated carbon anode, the cathode, and the acid.

Solution comprising a sulfone polymer, a water-soluble polymer and a N-acyl-morpholine of formula I wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a C1- to C3 alkyl group.

##STR00001##

A solution is prepared that contains (A) a polymer compound that includes at least one of a hydrolyzable polymer compound or a thermally-decomposable polymer compound, (B) an oxoacid-based compound that includes at least one of a phosphate-based compound, a sulfate-based compound, a sulfonate-based compound, or a perchlorate-based compound, and (C) a laminate of layered substances, and the solution is irradiated with at least one of sonic waves or radio waves, or the solution is heated.